Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Gall Midges on Japanese Beech Trees

ABSTRACT The Japanese Archipelago harbors unique beech flora (Fagus L.; Fagaceae), with a parapatric distribution of two endemic species, F. crenata and F. japonica, upon which a diverse array of 34 types of leaf galls induced by gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has been documented. The inducers...

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Main Authors: Shinnosuke Mori, Yugo Dhakhwa, Makoto Tokuda, Yoko Saikawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71621
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author Shinnosuke Mori
Yugo Dhakhwa
Makoto Tokuda
Yoko Saikawa
author_facet Shinnosuke Mori
Yugo Dhakhwa
Makoto Tokuda
Yoko Saikawa
author_sort Shinnosuke Mori
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The Japanese Archipelago harbors unique beech flora (Fagus L.; Fagaceae), with a parapatric distribution of two endemic species, F. crenata and F. japonica, upon which a diverse array of 34 types of leaf galls induced by gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has been documented. The inducers of most of these galls remain undescribed, and their phylogenetic relationships with known taxa are still poorly understood. In this study, we collected 29 types of leaf galls from the two Japanese Fagus species, including 6 previously unreported types, and sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene of the inducers to infer maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian time‐calibrated phylogenies. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Fagus‐feeding guild forms a monophyletic clade within the tribe Dasineurini, with F. crenata‐feeding taxa occupying a basal position within the lineage. These taxa are closely related to the genera Hartigiola and Mikiola and have likely undergone adaptive radiation on the leaves of F. crenata and F. japonica in the ecologically segregated Japanese Archipelago since the Miocene period, accompanied by multiple host shifts between the two Fagus species and location shifts within their leaves.
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spelling doaj-art-1a2d8f43bc3b416c86437740b76b0b052025-08-20T02:46:17ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-07-01157n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71621Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Gall Midges on Japanese Beech TreesShinnosuke Mori0Yugo Dhakhwa1Makoto Tokuda2Yoko Saikawa3Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa JapanFaculty of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa JapanFaculty of Agriculture Saga University Saga JapanFaculty of Science and Technology Keio University Kanagawa JapanABSTRACT The Japanese Archipelago harbors unique beech flora (Fagus L.; Fagaceae), with a parapatric distribution of two endemic species, F. crenata and F. japonica, upon which a diverse array of 34 types of leaf galls induced by gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has been documented. The inducers of most of these galls remain undescribed, and their phylogenetic relationships with known taxa are still poorly understood. In this study, we collected 29 types of leaf galls from the two Japanese Fagus species, including 6 previously unreported types, and sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene of the inducers to infer maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian time‐calibrated phylogenies. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Fagus‐feeding guild forms a monophyletic clade within the tribe Dasineurini, with F. crenata‐feeding taxa occupying a basal position within the lineage. These taxa are closely related to the genera Hartigiola and Mikiola and have likely undergone adaptive radiation on the leaves of F. crenata and F. japonica in the ecologically segregated Japanese Archipelago since the Miocene period, accompanied by multiple host shifts between the two Fagus species and location shifts within their leaves.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71621adaptive radiationbiogeographyco‐evolutiongall midgemolecular phylogeny
spellingShingle Shinnosuke Mori
Yugo Dhakhwa
Makoto Tokuda
Yoko Saikawa
Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Gall Midges on Japanese Beech Trees
Ecology and Evolution
adaptive radiation
biogeography
co‐evolution
gall midge
molecular phylogeny
title Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Gall Midges on Japanese Beech Trees
title_full Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Gall Midges on Japanese Beech Trees
title_fullStr Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Gall Midges on Japanese Beech Trees
title_full_unstemmed Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Gall Midges on Japanese Beech Trees
title_short Biodiversity, Phylogeny, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Gall Midges on Japanese Beech Trees
title_sort biodiversity phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of gall midges on japanese beech trees
topic adaptive radiation
biogeography
co‐evolution
gall midge
molecular phylogeny
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71621
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