Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination
The effectiveness of humoral and cell-mediated immunity as a result of primary vaccination for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- related CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as the effectiveness of revaccination, is an important research problem. Studying and selecting optimal revaccination regimens...
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«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика |
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| Online Access: | https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3764 |
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| author | O. M. Drapkina M. G. Chashchin S. A. Berns A. Yu. Gorshkov O. V. Zhdanova L. N. Ryzhakova O. A. Litinskaya |
| author_facet | O. M. Drapkina M. G. Chashchin S. A. Berns A. Yu. Gorshkov O. V. Zhdanova L. N. Ryzhakova O. A. Litinskaya |
| author_sort | O. M. Drapkina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effectiveness of humoral and cell-mediated immunity as a result of primary vaccination for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- related CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as the effectiveness of revaccination, is an important research problem. Studying and selecting optimal revaccination regimens will allow for long-term protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Aim. To study the severity of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in various (homo- and heterologous) SARS-CoV-2 revaccination regimens as part of a prospective observational study 18 and 24 months after primary vaccination.Material and methods. The study was carried out within the prospective registry SATURN, which included individuals who received various SARS-CoV-2 revaccination (homo- and heterologous regimens) based on a combination of two following vaccines: Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac. Depending on the chosen regimen, 3 following groups were formed: group I (n=106) — participants with a homologous Gam- COVID-Vac regimen at each stage of vaccination and revaccination; group II (n=54) — participants with a heterologous regimen of sequential administration of Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac at the stage of vaccination and revaccination; group III (n=40) — participants with a homologous CoviVac regimen at the stage of vaccination and revaccination. At the first visit, all participants underwent a medical history collection, examination, and identification of potential contraindications to vaccination. At each subsequent visit, the level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein IgG antibodies was additionally determined. At visits 1, 3 and 5, the activity of specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes to the surface and nuclear antigen of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed. The IgG concentration was analyzed using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG reagent kit, while T-cell immunity was assessed using the T-Spot.COVID test system (Oxford Immunotec). Visit 1 corresponded to the 1st stage of primary vaccination, visit 2 — 2nd stage of primary vaccination, visit 3 (12 months after visit 1) — 1st stage of revaccination, visit 3 (21 days after visit 3) — 2nd stage of revaccination, visit 5 –18 months after primary vaccination, visit 6 — 24 months after primary vaccination.Results. The average level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein IgG antibodies in group I at visit 3 was 520 [478; 540] BAU/ml, in group II — 499 [199,5; 540] BAU/ml and in group III — 456 [389; 509,5] BAU/ml. The values were comparable to those obtained at visit 6. However, in group II, IgG level at visit 5 was significantly higher compared to visit 6 (p=0,001). The greatest decrease by visit 5 in the number of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike stimulation was recorded in group III (5,00 [0,50; 11,50] vs 1,00 [0,00; 5,50]; relative changes -80,0%; p=0,067). Also, among patients in group III, there was a significant decrease in the number of active T cells responding to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (10,00 [3,00; 22,50] vs 1,00 [0,00; 11,50]; relative changes -90,0%; p=0,0160). Participants in groups I and II demonstrated stable results on visit 5, relative to visit 3. In all studied groups, no significant relationship was found between IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide and the number of active T cells. Strong positive relationships were found between the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 spike stimulation and the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid stimulation: group I (ρ=0,807; p<0,001), group II (ρ=0,748; p<0,001) and group III (ρ=0,902; p<0,001).Conclusion. The use of homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination demonstrates relatively stable level of both humoral and cell-mediated 18 and 24 months after the first stage of vaccination. Revaccination with a homologous regimen (CoviVac at both stages) ensured stable level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide IgG antibodies. However, this regimen was characterized by a significant decrease in the long-term period in the number of active T cells responding to stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 surface and nuclear antigen. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a1ea4d8c7a84b93a97a4f9580cba8a4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1728-8800 2619-0125 |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | «SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a1ea4d8c7a84b93a97a4f9580cba8a42025-08-20T03:57:21Zrus«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLCКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика1728-88002619-01252023-11-01221010.15829/1728-8800-2023-37642813Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccinationO. M. Drapkina0M. G. Chashchin1S. A. Berns2A. Yu. Gorshkov3O. V. Zhdanova4L. N. Ryzhakova5O. A. Litinskaya6National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineThe effectiveness of humoral and cell-mediated immunity as a result of primary vaccination for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- related CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as the effectiveness of revaccination, is an important research problem. Studying and selecting optimal revaccination regimens will allow for long-term protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Aim. To study the severity of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in various (homo- and heterologous) SARS-CoV-2 revaccination regimens as part of a prospective observational study 18 and 24 months after primary vaccination.Material and methods. The study was carried out within the prospective registry SATURN, which included individuals who received various SARS-CoV-2 revaccination (homo- and heterologous regimens) based on a combination of two following vaccines: Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac. Depending on the chosen regimen, 3 following groups were formed: group I (n=106) — participants with a homologous Gam- COVID-Vac regimen at each stage of vaccination and revaccination; group II (n=54) — participants with a heterologous regimen of sequential administration of Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac at the stage of vaccination and revaccination; group III (n=40) — participants with a homologous CoviVac regimen at the stage of vaccination and revaccination. At the first visit, all participants underwent a medical history collection, examination, and identification of potential contraindications to vaccination. At each subsequent visit, the level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein IgG antibodies was additionally determined. At visits 1, 3 and 5, the activity of specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes to the surface and nuclear antigen of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed. The IgG concentration was analyzed using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG reagent kit, while T-cell immunity was assessed using the T-Spot.COVID test system (Oxford Immunotec). Visit 1 corresponded to the 1st stage of primary vaccination, visit 2 — 2nd stage of primary vaccination, visit 3 (12 months after visit 1) — 1st stage of revaccination, visit 3 (21 days after visit 3) — 2nd stage of revaccination, visit 5 –18 months after primary vaccination, visit 6 — 24 months after primary vaccination.Results. The average level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein IgG antibodies in group I at visit 3 was 520 [478; 540] BAU/ml, in group II — 499 [199,5; 540] BAU/ml and in group III — 456 [389; 509,5] BAU/ml. The values were comparable to those obtained at visit 6. However, in group II, IgG level at visit 5 was significantly higher compared to visit 6 (p=0,001). The greatest decrease by visit 5 in the number of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike stimulation was recorded in group III (5,00 [0,50; 11,50] vs 1,00 [0,00; 5,50]; relative changes -80,0%; p=0,067). Also, among patients in group III, there was a significant decrease in the number of active T cells responding to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (10,00 [3,00; 22,50] vs 1,00 [0,00; 11,50]; relative changes -90,0%; p=0,0160). Participants in groups I and II demonstrated stable results on visit 5, relative to visit 3. In all studied groups, no significant relationship was found between IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide and the number of active T cells. Strong positive relationships were found between the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 spike stimulation and the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid stimulation: group I (ρ=0,807; p<0,001), group II (ρ=0,748; p<0,001) and group III (ρ=0,902; p<0,001).Conclusion. The use of homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination demonstrates relatively stable level of both humoral and cell-mediated 18 and 24 months after the first stage of vaccination. Revaccination with a homologous regimen (CoviVac at both stages) ensured stable level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide IgG antibodies. However, this regimen was characterized by a significant decrease in the long-term period in the number of active T cells responding to stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 surface and nuclear antigen.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3764covid-19vaccinationrevaccinationsars-cov-2immunogenicityhumoral immunitycell-mediated immunitygam- covid-vaccovivac |
| spellingShingle | O. M. Drapkina M. G. Chashchin S. A. Berns A. Yu. Gorshkov O. V. Zhdanova L. N. Ryzhakova O. A. Litinskaya Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика covid-19 vaccination revaccination sars-cov-2 immunogenicity humoral immunity cell-mediated immunity gam- covid-vac covivac |
| title | Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination |
| title_full | Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination |
| title_short | Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination |
| title_sort | analysis of the humoral and cell mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous sars cov 2 revaccination |
| topic | covid-19 vaccination revaccination sars-cov-2 immunogenicity humoral immunity cell-mediated immunity gam- covid-vac covivac |
| url | https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3764 |
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