Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes
Timely ketone detection in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is critical for the effective management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This systematic review evaluates the current literature on breath-based analysis for ketone detection in T1DM, highlighting nanotechnology as a potential...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/62 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588886359932928 |
|---|---|
| author | Kamal Marfatia Jing Ni Veronica Preda Noushin Nasiri |
| author_facet | Kamal Marfatia Jing Ni Veronica Preda Noushin Nasiri |
| author_sort | Kamal Marfatia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Timely ketone detection in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is critical for the effective management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This systematic review evaluates the current literature on breath-based analysis for ketone detection in T1DM, highlighting nanotechnology as a potential for a non-invasive alternative to blood-based ketone measurements. A comprehensive search across 5 databases identified 11 studies meeting inclusion criteria, showcasing various breath analysis techniques, such as semiconducting gas sensors, colorimetry, and nanoparticle-based chemo-resistive sensors. These studies report high sensitivity and correlation between breath acetone (BrAce) levels and blood ketones, with some demonstrating accuracies up to 94.7% and correlations reaching R<sup>2</sup> values as high as 0.98. However, significant heterogeneity in methodologies and cut-off values limits device comparability and precludes meta-analysis. Despite these challenges, the findings indicate that BrAce monitoring could offer significant clinical benefits by enabling the earlier detection of ketone buildup, reducing DKA-related hospitalisations and healthcare costs. Standardising BrAce measurement techniques and sensitivity thresholds is essential to broaden clinical adoption. This review underscores the promise of nanotechnology-based breath analysis as a transformative tool for DKA management, with potential utility across varied ketotic conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-19e6179770474aa1a8b1c2bc1dc62794 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-19e6179770474aa1a8b1c2bc1dc627942025-01-24T13:25:36ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-01-011516210.3390/bios15010062Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 DiabetesKamal Marfatia0Jing Ni1Veronica Preda2Noushin Nasiri3Faculty of Medicine, Health and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 3, 75 Talevera Road, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine, Health and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 3, 75 Talevera Road, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine, Health and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 3, 75 Talevera Road, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, AustraliaNanoTech Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, AustraliaTimely ketone detection in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is critical for the effective management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This systematic review evaluates the current literature on breath-based analysis for ketone detection in T1DM, highlighting nanotechnology as a potential for a non-invasive alternative to blood-based ketone measurements. A comprehensive search across 5 databases identified 11 studies meeting inclusion criteria, showcasing various breath analysis techniques, such as semiconducting gas sensors, colorimetry, and nanoparticle-based chemo-resistive sensors. These studies report high sensitivity and correlation between breath acetone (BrAce) levels and blood ketones, with some demonstrating accuracies up to 94.7% and correlations reaching R<sup>2</sup> values as high as 0.98. However, significant heterogeneity in methodologies and cut-off values limits device comparability and precludes meta-analysis. Despite these challenges, the findings indicate that BrAce monitoring could offer significant clinical benefits by enabling the earlier detection of ketone buildup, reducing DKA-related hospitalisations and healthcare costs. Standardising BrAce measurement techniques and sensitivity thresholds is essential to broaden clinical adoption. This review underscores the promise of nanotechnology-based breath analysis as a transformative tool for DKA management, with potential utility across varied ketotic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/62nanotechnologybreath analysisacetoneketonesDKAtype 1 diabetes |
| spellingShingle | Kamal Marfatia Jing Ni Veronica Preda Noushin Nasiri Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes Biosensors nanotechnology breath analysis acetone ketones DKA type 1 diabetes |
| title | Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_full | Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_short | Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_sort | is breath best a systematic review on the accuracy and utility of nanotechnology based breath analysis of ketones in type 1 diabetes |
| topic | nanotechnology breath analysis acetone ketones DKA type 1 diabetes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/62 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kamalmarfatia isbreathbestasystematicreviewontheaccuracyandutilityofnanotechnologybasedbreathanalysisofketonesintype1diabetes AT jingni isbreathbestasystematicreviewontheaccuracyandutilityofnanotechnologybasedbreathanalysisofketonesintype1diabetes AT veronicapreda isbreathbestasystematicreviewontheaccuracyandutilityofnanotechnologybasedbreathanalysisofketonesintype1diabetes AT noushinnasiri isbreathbestasystematicreviewontheaccuracyandutilityofnanotechnologybasedbreathanalysisofketonesintype1diabetes |