How GeoAI Improves Tourist Beach Environments: Micro-Scale UAV Detection and Spatial Analysis of Marine Debris

With coastal tourism depending on clean beaches and litter surveys remaining manual, sparse, and costly, this study coupled centimeter-resolution UAV imagery with a Grid R-CNN detector to automate debris mapping on five beaches of Wonsan Island, Korea. Thirty-one Phantom 4 flights (0.83 cm GSD) prod...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Junho Ser, Byungyun Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1349
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Summary:With coastal tourism depending on clean beaches and litter surveys remaining manual, sparse, and costly, this study coupled centimeter-resolution UAV imagery with a Grid R-CNN detector to automate debris mapping on five beaches of Wonsan Island, Korea. Thirty-one Phantom 4 flights (0.83 cm GSD) produced 31,841 orthoimages, while 11 debris classes from the AI Hub dataset trained the model. The network reached 74.9% <i>mAP</i> and 78%/84.7% precision–recall while processing 2.87 images s<sup>−1</sup> on a single RTX 3060 Ti, enabling a 6 km shoreline to be surveyed in under one hour. Georeferenced detections aggregated to 25 m grids showed that 57% of high-density cells lay within 100 m of the beach entrances or landward edges, and 86% within 200 m. These micro-patterns, which are difficult to detect in meter-scale imagery, suggest that entrance-focused cleanup strategies could reduce annual maintenance costs by approximately one-fifth. This highlights the potential of centimeter-scale GeoAI in supporting sustainable beach management.
ISSN:2073-445X