Separation of Inorganic Forms of Tellurium Using On-Site SPE Followed by ICP-MS or ICP-OES—The Right Solution for Water Monitoring
Tellurium, recognized as one of the technology-critical elements, should be considered as a xenobiotic. Its application, i.a. in the growing photovoltaic industry, raises concerns about Te(IV) and Te(VI) release to the environment. As both forms differ in mobility and toxicity, Te speciation should...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/303 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832587833551880192 |
|---|---|
| author | Katarzyna Kińska Barbara Żelazko Olga Gajewska Magdalena Borowska Monika Sadowska Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Kińska Barbara Żelazko Olga Gajewska Magdalena Borowska Monika Sadowska Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Kińska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tellurium, recognized as one of the technology-critical elements, should be considered as a xenobiotic. Its application, i.a. in the growing photovoltaic industry, raises concerns about Te(IV) and Te(VI) release to the environment. As both forms differ in mobility and toxicity, Te speciation should be included in water monitoring, but problems with speciation changes occurring during sampling, transport, and sample storage require the use of on-site separation of Te forms. A simple procedure based on solid phase extraction (SPE) with the anionic exchange mechanism (SAX, involving commercially available columns), followed by their quantification with elemental techniques, has a high potential for implementation in routine analysis. The proposed SPE-ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) method allows direct analysis of Te(VI) and Te(IV), with Te(IV) determined after elution from the column. The detection limits obtained for the 5.0 mL sample are 0.02 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> and 0.05 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> for Te(VI) and Te(IV), respectively. Hydride generation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES) was used to control possible changes in tellurium speciation occurring during species isolation using SPE. The simple and fast water pretreatment proposed here offers the possibility of separating Te(IV) and Te(VI) at the sampling site, and the elution of Te(IV) does not have to be conducted on-site. Application to the river water and seawater matrix proved the feasibility of incorporating Te speciation analysis into routine water analysis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-197235ff1a89448998ac23ee9add136b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-197235ff1a89448998ac23ee9add136b2025-01-24T13:43:30ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130230310.3390/molecules30020303Separation of Inorganic Forms of Tellurium Using On-Site SPE Followed by ICP-MS or ICP-OES—The Right Solution for Water MonitoringKatarzyna Kińska0Barbara Żelazko1Olga Gajewska2Magdalena Borowska3Monika Sadowska4Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga5Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandTellurium, recognized as one of the technology-critical elements, should be considered as a xenobiotic. Its application, i.a. in the growing photovoltaic industry, raises concerns about Te(IV) and Te(VI) release to the environment. As both forms differ in mobility and toxicity, Te speciation should be included in water monitoring, but problems with speciation changes occurring during sampling, transport, and sample storage require the use of on-site separation of Te forms. A simple procedure based on solid phase extraction (SPE) with the anionic exchange mechanism (SAX, involving commercially available columns), followed by their quantification with elemental techniques, has a high potential for implementation in routine analysis. The proposed SPE-ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) method allows direct analysis of Te(VI) and Te(IV), with Te(IV) determined after elution from the column. The detection limits obtained for the 5.0 mL sample are 0.02 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> and 0.05 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> for Te(VI) and Te(IV), respectively. Hydride generation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES) was used to control possible changes in tellurium speciation occurring during species isolation using SPE. The simple and fast water pretreatment proposed here offers the possibility of separating Te(IV) and Te(VI) at the sampling site, and the elution of Te(IV) does not have to be conducted on-site. Application to the river water and seawater matrix proved the feasibility of incorporating Te speciation analysis into routine water analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/303tellurium speciationICP-MSHG-ICP-OESon-site sample pretreatmentsolid phase extractionTe(IV) |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Kińska Barbara Żelazko Olga Gajewska Magdalena Borowska Monika Sadowska Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga Separation of Inorganic Forms of Tellurium Using On-Site SPE Followed by ICP-MS or ICP-OES—The Right Solution for Water Monitoring Molecules tellurium speciation ICP-MS HG-ICP-OES on-site sample pretreatment solid phase extraction Te(IV) |
| title | Separation of Inorganic Forms of Tellurium Using On-Site SPE Followed by ICP-MS or ICP-OES—The Right Solution for Water Monitoring |
| title_full | Separation of Inorganic Forms of Tellurium Using On-Site SPE Followed by ICP-MS or ICP-OES—The Right Solution for Water Monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Separation of Inorganic Forms of Tellurium Using On-Site SPE Followed by ICP-MS or ICP-OES—The Right Solution for Water Monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Separation of Inorganic Forms of Tellurium Using On-Site SPE Followed by ICP-MS or ICP-OES—The Right Solution for Water Monitoring |
| title_short | Separation of Inorganic Forms of Tellurium Using On-Site SPE Followed by ICP-MS or ICP-OES—The Right Solution for Water Monitoring |
| title_sort | separation of inorganic forms of tellurium using on site spe followed by icp ms or icp oes the right solution for water monitoring |
| topic | tellurium speciation ICP-MS HG-ICP-OES on-site sample pretreatment solid phase extraction Te(IV) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/303 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katarzynakinska separationofinorganicformsoftelluriumusingonsitespefollowedbyicpmsoricpoestherightsolutionforwatermonitoring AT barbarazelazko separationofinorganicformsoftelluriumusingonsitespefollowedbyicpmsoricpoestherightsolutionforwatermonitoring AT olgagajewska separationofinorganicformsoftelluriumusingonsitespefollowedbyicpmsoricpoestherightsolutionforwatermonitoring AT magdalenaborowska separationofinorganicformsoftelluriumusingonsitespefollowedbyicpmsoricpoestherightsolutionforwatermonitoring AT monikasadowska separationofinorganicformsoftelluriumusingonsitespefollowedbyicpmsoricpoestherightsolutionforwatermonitoring AT beatakrasnodebskaostrega separationofinorganicformsoftelluriumusingonsitespefollowedbyicpmsoricpoestherightsolutionforwatermonitoring |