Lungs in Heart Failure
Lung function abnormalities both at rest and during exercise are frequently observed in patients with chronic heart failure, also in the absence of respiratory disease. Alterations of respiratory mechanics and of gas exchange capacity are strictly related to heart failure. Severe heart failure patie...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Pulmonary Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/952741 |
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| _version_ | 1832553524128382976 |
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| author | Anna Apostolo Giuliano Giusti Paola Gargiulo Maurizio Bussotti Piergiuseppe Agostoni |
| author_facet | Anna Apostolo Giuliano Giusti Paola Gargiulo Maurizio Bussotti Piergiuseppe Agostoni |
| author_sort | Anna Apostolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung function abnormalities both at rest and during exercise are frequently observed in patients with chronic heart failure, also in the absence of respiratory disease. Alterations of respiratory mechanics and of gas exchange capacity are strictly related to heart failure. Severe heart failure patients often show a restrictive respiratory pattern, secondary to heart enlargement and increased lung fluids, and impairment of alveolar-capillary gas diffusion, mainly due to an increased resistance to molecular diffusion across the alveolar capillary membrane. Reduced gas diffusion contributes to exercise intolerance and to a worse prognosis. Cardiopulmonary exercise test is considered the “gold standard” when studying the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise in cardiac patients. During exercise, hyperventilation and consequent reduction of ventilation efficiency are often observed in heart failure patients, resulting in an increased slope of ventilation/carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) relationship. Ventilatory efficiency is as strong prognostic and an important stratification marker. This paper describes the pulmonary abnormalities at rest and during exercise in the patients with heart failure, highlighting the principal diagnostic tools for evaluation of lungs function, the possible pharmacological interventions, and the parameters that could be useful in prognostic assessment of heart failure patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1954c1b75c1c4158928214d883b0a14a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-1836 2090-1844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pulmonary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-1954c1b75c1c4158928214d883b0a14a2025-02-03T05:53:45ZengWileyPulmonary Medicine2090-18362090-18442012-01-01201210.1155/2012/952741952741Lungs in Heart FailureAnna Apostolo0Giuliano Giusti1Paola Gargiulo2Maurizio Bussotti3Piergiuseppe Agostoni4Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, ItalyCentro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, ItalyCentro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, ItalyDivisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, ItalyCentro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, ItalyLung function abnormalities both at rest and during exercise are frequently observed in patients with chronic heart failure, also in the absence of respiratory disease. Alterations of respiratory mechanics and of gas exchange capacity are strictly related to heart failure. Severe heart failure patients often show a restrictive respiratory pattern, secondary to heart enlargement and increased lung fluids, and impairment of alveolar-capillary gas diffusion, mainly due to an increased resistance to molecular diffusion across the alveolar capillary membrane. Reduced gas diffusion contributes to exercise intolerance and to a worse prognosis. Cardiopulmonary exercise test is considered the “gold standard” when studying the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise in cardiac patients. During exercise, hyperventilation and consequent reduction of ventilation efficiency are often observed in heart failure patients, resulting in an increased slope of ventilation/carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) relationship. Ventilatory efficiency is as strong prognostic and an important stratification marker. This paper describes the pulmonary abnormalities at rest and during exercise in the patients with heart failure, highlighting the principal diagnostic tools for evaluation of lungs function, the possible pharmacological interventions, and the parameters that could be useful in prognostic assessment of heart failure patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/952741 |
| spellingShingle | Anna Apostolo Giuliano Giusti Paola Gargiulo Maurizio Bussotti Piergiuseppe Agostoni Lungs in Heart Failure Pulmonary Medicine |
| title | Lungs in Heart Failure |
| title_full | Lungs in Heart Failure |
| title_fullStr | Lungs in Heart Failure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lungs in Heart Failure |
| title_short | Lungs in Heart Failure |
| title_sort | lungs in heart failure |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/952741 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annaapostolo lungsinheartfailure AT giulianogiusti lungsinheartfailure AT paolagargiulo lungsinheartfailure AT mauriziobussotti lungsinheartfailure AT piergiuseppeagostoni lungsinheartfailure |