Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccination
IntroductionThe durability of Hybrid immunity induced by natural infection and/or COVID-19 vaccines and evidence supporting further booster vaccination are crucial factors for pandemic response, yet remain poorly understood.MethodsWe measured the durability of immune response and neutralizing capaci...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1526444/full |
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| author | Maaweya Awadalla Halah Z. AlRawi Rahaf A. Henawi Fawziya Barnawi Haitham Alkadi Ahmed Alyami Ammar Alsughayir Alyazeed S. Alsaif Ayman Mubarak Wael Alturaiki Bandar Alosaimi |
| author_facet | Maaweya Awadalla Halah Z. AlRawi Rahaf A. Henawi Fawziya Barnawi Haitham Alkadi Ahmed Alyami Ammar Alsughayir Alyazeed S. Alsaif Ayman Mubarak Wael Alturaiki Bandar Alosaimi |
| author_sort | Maaweya Awadalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe durability of Hybrid immunity induced by natural infection and/or COVID-19 vaccines and evidence supporting further booster vaccination are crucial factors for pandemic response, yet remain poorly understood.MethodsWe measured the durability of immune response and neutralizing capacity of antibodies following Homologous/Heterologous vaccination by mRNA-based vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2) or (Moderna mRNA-1273) and viral vector-based vaccines (ChAdox1 nCoV-19-Oxford-AstraZeneca) in infected and non-infected patients. We also evaluated the long-lasting specific humoral IgG levels and T-cell immunity of the Memory CD8 cells.ResultsWe found that heterologous prime boosters led to significantly higher IgG antibody levels)9.09(than homologous boosters)5.236) one year after vaccination. We measured SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies and then assessed their neutralizing capacity to inhibit the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain and omicron B.1.1.529/BA.2 variants from binding to the ACE2 receptors. The heterologous regiment demonstrated superior ACE2-binding inhibition and consistently had higher mean ACE2-receptor binding inhibition across all dose regimens without the need for further doses. The CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ to various COVID-19 vaccine dose regimens were evaluated. We found that robust T cell mediated immune responses were preserved and largely induced by a heterogeneous vaccination eliciting a significantly higher CD8+ T cells IFN-γ response in 100% of vaccinees regardless of previous natural infection. Indeed, the difference between infected and naïve groups was less pronounced suggesting a reduced infection-related response.DiscussionAcross three layers of evidence, this study showed that heterologous vaccination provides longer-lasting immunity than homologous doses, regardless of prior natural infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-18c6ad3bb68c42aba3ebe6498509835c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-18c6ad3bb68c42aba3ebe6498509835c2025-01-22T07:15:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15264441526444Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccinationMaaweya Awadalla0Halah Z. AlRawi1Rahaf A. Henawi2Fawziya Barnawi3Haitham Alkadi4Ahmed Alyami5Ammar Alsughayir6Alyazeed S. Alsaif7Ayman Mubarak8Wael Alturaiki9Bandar Alosaimi10Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaResearch Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaResearch Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaResearch Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi ArabiaResearch Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIntroductionThe durability of Hybrid immunity induced by natural infection and/or COVID-19 vaccines and evidence supporting further booster vaccination are crucial factors for pandemic response, yet remain poorly understood.MethodsWe measured the durability of immune response and neutralizing capacity of antibodies following Homologous/Heterologous vaccination by mRNA-based vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2) or (Moderna mRNA-1273) and viral vector-based vaccines (ChAdox1 nCoV-19-Oxford-AstraZeneca) in infected and non-infected patients. We also evaluated the long-lasting specific humoral IgG levels and T-cell immunity of the Memory CD8 cells.ResultsWe found that heterologous prime boosters led to significantly higher IgG antibody levels)9.09(than homologous boosters)5.236) one year after vaccination. We measured SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies and then assessed their neutralizing capacity to inhibit the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain and omicron B.1.1.529/BA.2 variants from binding to the ACE2 receptors. The heterologous regiment demonstrated superior ACE2-binding inhibition and consistently had higher mean ACE2-receptor binding inhibition across all dose regimens without the need for further doses. The CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ to various COVID-19 vaccine dose regimens were evaluated. We found that robust T cell mediated immune responses were preserved and largely induced by a heterogeneous vaccination eliciting a significantly higher CD8+ T cells IFN-γ response in 100% of vaccinees regardless of previous natural infection. Indeed, the difference between infected and naïve groups was less pronounced suggesting a reduced infection-related response.DiscussionAcross three layers of evidence, this study showed that heterologous vaccination provides longer-lasting immunity than homologous doses, regardless of prior natural infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1526444/fullhumoralcellulardurabilityCOVID-19vaccinehomologous |
| spellingShingle | Maaweya Awadalla Halah Z. AlRawi Rahaf A. Henawi Fawziya Barnawi Haitham Alkadi Ahmed Alyami Ammar Alsughayir Alyazeed S. Alsaif Ayman Mubarak Wael Alturaiki Bandar Alosaimi Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccination Frontiers in Immunology humoral cellular durability COVID-19 vaccine homologous |
| title | Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccination |
| title_full | Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccination |
| title_short | Humoral and cellular immune durability of different COVID-19 vaccine platforms following homologous/heterologous boosters: one-year post vaccination |
| title_sort | humoral and cellular immune durability of different covid 19 vaccine platforms following homologous heterologous boosters one year post vaccination |
| topic | humoral cellular durability COVID-19 vaccine homologous |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1526444/full |
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