Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infants

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is common among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants due to challenges in achieving adequate enteral nutrition and reduced transplacental transfer. Supplementation with 800 IU/day of vitamin D has been shown to safely and effectively increase serum 25-hydroxyvi...

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Main Authors: Myoung-Jin Yoo, Jeong Ho Seo, Inwook Lee, Hyuna Kim, Jinjoo Choi, Yunsoo Choe, Hyun Ju Lee, Seung Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1585898/full
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author Myoung-Jin Yoo
Myoung-Jin Yoo
Jeong Ho Seo
Jeong Ho Seo
Inwook Lee
Inwook Lee
Hyuna Kim
Jinjoo Choi
Jinjoo Choi
Yunsoo Choe
Hyun Ju Lee
Hyun Ju Lee
Seung Yang
Seung Yang
author_facet Myoung-Jin Yoo
Myoung-Jin Yoo
Jeong Ho Seo
Jeong Ho Seo
Inwook Lee
Inwook Lee
Hyuna Kim
Jinjoo Choi
Jinjoo Choi
Yunsoo Choe
Hyun Ju Lee
Hyun Ju Lee
Seung Yang
Seung Yang
author_sort Myoung-Jin Yoo
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is common among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants due to challenges in achieving adequate enteral nutrition and reduced transplacental transfer. Supplementation with 800 IU/day of vitamin D has been shown to safely and effectively increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels above 30 ng/mL when initiated at two weeks of age and continued until hospital discharge.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate whether daily supplementation with 800 IU of vitamin D significantly improves bone mineral density, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), in VLBW infants at discharge, compared to supplementation with 400 IU/day.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 215 VLBW infants with birth weights under 1,500 g who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hanyang University Seoul Hospital between January 2010 and December 2023. The infants were divided into two groups based on their daily vitamin D intake of either 400 IU or 800 IU, initiated on day 14 of life after trophic feeding was established. Bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) was assessed at discharge using whole-body DEXA (Hologic QDR-4500, infant mode).ResultsMaternal age (32.01 ± 3.43 vs. 33.34 ± 4.39 years, p = 0.017) and birth weight (812.86 ± 141.19 vs. 883.76 ± 260.09 g, p = 0.010) were significantly higher in the 800 IU group, which also had a longer duration of total parenteral nutrition. After adjusting for birth weight and duration of parenteral nutrition, total body BMAD was significantly higher in the 800 IU group (p = 0.008). A general linear model further demonstrated that 800 IU supplementation was positively associated with femoral BMAD at discharge (β = 0.267, p= 0.001).ConclusionDaily supplementation of 800 IU of vitamin D was associated with improved bone mineralization, as measured by DEXA, at discharge in VLBW infants.
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spelling doaj-art-189bfaaac9cb42e8a2af5009053f4e0a2025-08-20T03:58:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-08-011610.3389/fendo.2025.15858981585898Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infantsMyoung-Jin Yoo0Myoung-Jin Yoo1Jeong Ho Seo2Jeong Ho Seo3Inwook Lee4Inwook Lee5Hyuna Kim6Jinjoo Choi7Jinjoo Choi8Yunsoo Choe9Hyun Ju Lee10Hyun Ju Lee11Seung Yang12Seung Yang13Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaBackgroundVitamin D deficiency is common among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants due to challenges in achieving adequate enteral nutrition and reduced transplacental transfer. Supplementation with 800 IU/day of vitamin D has been shown to safely and effectively increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels above 30 ng/mL when initiated at two weeks of age and continued until hospital discharge.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate whether daily supplementation with 800 IU of vitamin D significantly improves bone mineral density, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), in VLBW infants at discharge, compared to supplementation with 400 IU/day.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 215 VLBW infants with birth weights under 1,500 g who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hanyang University Seoul Hospital between January 2010 and December 2023. The infants were divided into two groups based on their daily vitamin D intake of either 400 IU or 800 IU, initiated on day 14 of life after trophic feeding was established. Bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) was assessed at discharge using whole-body DEXA (Hologic QDR-4500, infant mode).ResultsMaternal age (32.01 ± 3.43 vs. 33.34 ± 4.39 years, p = 0.017) and birth weight (812.86 ± 141.19 vs. 883.76 ± 260.09 g, p = 0.010) were significantly higher in the 800 IU group, which also had a longer duration of total parenteral nutrition. After adjusting for birth weight and duration of parenteral nutrition, total body BMAD was significantly higher in the 800 IU group (p = 0.008). A general linear model further demonstrated that 800 IU supplementation was positively associated with femoral BMAD at discharge (β = 0.267, p= 0.001).ConclusionDaily supplementation of 800 IU of vitamin D was associated with improved bone mineralization, as measured by DEXA, at discharge in VLBW infants.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1585898/fullvitamin Dbone mineral densityVLBW (very low birth weight)DEXApreterm
spellingShingle Myoung-Jin Yoo
Myoung-Jin Yoo
Jeong Ho Seo
Jeong Ho Seo
Inwook Lee
Inwook Lee
Hyuna Kim
Jinjoo Choi
Jinjoo Choi
Yunsoo Choe
Hyun Ju Lee
Hyun Ju Lee
Seung Yang
Seung Yang
Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infants
Frontiers in Endocrinology
vitamin D
bone mineral density
VLBW (very low birth weight)
DEXA
preterm
title Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infants
title_full Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infants
title_fullStr Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infants
title_full_unstemmed Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infants
title_short Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infants
title_sort effects of high dose vitamin d supplementation on bone mineral density in very low birth weight preterm infants
topic vitamin D
bone mineral density
VLBW (very low birth weight)
DEXA
preterm
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1585898/full
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