Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLA
The production and surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from Agave tequilana Weber waste (ATW) and their effect on the melt rheology of PLA were investigated. For that, CNC were obtained from ATW residues by acid hydrolysis and grafted with 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2-EHA) to promote c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Polymer Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3567901 |
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| author | Soledad-Cecilia Pech-Cohuo Gonzalo Canche-Escamilla Alex Valadez-González Victor Vladimir Amilcar Fernández-Escamilla Jorge Uribe-Calderon |
| author_facet | Soledad-Cecilia Pech-Cohuo Gonzalo Canche-Escamilla Alex Valadez-González Victor Vladimir Amilcar Fernández-Escamilla Jorge Uribe-Calderon |
| author_sort | Soledad-Cecilia Pech-Cohuo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The production and surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from Agave tequilana Weber waste (ATW) and their effect on the melt rheology of PLA were investigated. For that, CNC were obtained from ATW residues by acid hydrolysis and grafted with 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2-EHA) to promote compatibility with nonpolar polymers, such as PLA. The morphology of CNC occurred as rods, spheres, and the so-called porous network observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron transmission microscopy (TEM), and the crystallinity of the cellulose fibers was ~73% and increased up to ~94% for CNC followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The acid hydrolysis and alkali extraction process produce changes on the native cellulose type I from ATW bagasse resulting in a mixture of cellulose type I and II and was preserved after CNC isolation and surface grafting. Polymer grafting was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS). Upon surface modification, the grafted CNC presented better thermal stability than CNC pristine evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the surface energy of the CNC was decreased which could promote CNC dispersion within polymers. Both pristine and surface modified CNC were melt mixed with PLA to produce nanocomposites at different concentrations of CNC. Dynamic time sweep tests showed that the introduction of CNC and CNC/2-EHA decreased the complex viscosity of PLA due to polymer degradation during compounding. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-187a164824264413a8bfead43c391463 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-9422 1687-9430 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Polymer Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-187a164824264413a8bfead43c3914632025-02-03T06:12:10ZengWileyInternational Journal of Polymer Science1687-94221687-94302018-01-01201810.1155/2018/35679013567901Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLASoledad-Cecilia Pech-Cohuo0Gonzalo Canche-Escamilla1Alex Valadez-González2Victor Vladimir Amilcar Fernández-Escamilla3Jorge Uribe-Calderon4Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 130 entre 32 y 34. Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, YUC, MexicoCentro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 130 entre 32 y 34. Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, YUC, MexicoCentro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 130 entre 32 y 34. Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, YUC, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad No. 1115, 47819 Ocotlán, JAL, MexicoCentro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 130 entre 32 y 34. Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, CP 97205 Mérida, YUC, MexicoThe production and surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from Agave tequilana Weber waste (ATW) and their effect on the melt rheology of PLA were investigated. For that, CNC were obtained from ATW residues by acid hydrolysis and grafted with 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2-EHA) to promote compatibility with nonpolar polymers, such as PLA. The morphology of CNC occurred as rods, spheres, and the so-called porous network observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron transmission microscopy (TEM), and the crystallinity of the cellulose fibers was ~73% and increased up to ~94% for CNC followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The acid hydrolysis and alkali extraction process produce changes on the native cellulose type I from ATW bagasse resulting in a mixture of cellulose type I and II and was preserved after CNC isolation and surface grafting. Polymer grafting was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS). Upon surface modification, the grafted CNC presented better thermal stability than CNC pristine evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the surface energy of the CNC was decreased which could promote CNC dispersion within polymers. Both pristine and surface modified CNC were melt mixed with PLA to produce nanocomposites at different concentrations of CNC. Dynamic time sweep tests showed that the introduction of CNC and CNC/2-EHA decreased the complex viscosity of PLA due to polymer degradation during compounding.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3567901 |
| spellingShingle | Soledad-Cecilia Pech-Cohuo Gonzalo Canche-Escamilla Alex Valadez-González Victor Vladimir Amilcar Fernández-Escamilla Jorge Uribe-Calderon Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLA International Journal of Polymer Science |
| title | Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLA |
| title_full | Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLA |
| title_fullStr | Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLA |
| title_short | Production and Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Agave tequilana Weber Waste and Its Effect on the Melt Rheology of PLA |
| title_sort | production and modification of cellulose nanocrystals from agave tequilana weber waste and its effect on the melt rheology of pla |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3567901 |
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