Mechanically activated TiN nano-powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high-pressure methods
Titanium nitride (TiN) nano-powder was synthesized in a gas-pressure vessel steel via a mechanically induced reaction between Ti(α) and nitrogen gas for 40 h. Following mechanical activation, the precursor was consolidated using two distinct methods: spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1600 °C for 10 mi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016394 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849413115511308288 |
|---|---|
| author | Jakub Kasprzycki Katarzyna Stan-Głowińska Piotr Ozga Grzegorz Garzeł Anna Sypień Anna Góral Sebastian Sobula Karol Janus Ganna Chyzhyk Piotr Klimczyk Urszula D. Wdowik Lukasz Rogal |
| author_facet | Jakub Kasprzycki Katarzyna Stan-Głowińska Piotr Ozga Grzegorz Garzeł Anna Sypień Anna Góral Sebastian Sobula Karol Janus Ganna Chyzhyk Piotr Klimczyk Urszula D. Wdowik Lukasz Rogal |
| author_sort | Jakub Kasprzycki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Titanium nitride (TiN) nano-powder was synthesized in a gas-pressure vessel steel via a mechanically induced reaction between Ti(α) and nitrogen gas for 40 h. Following mechanical activation, the precursor was consolidated using two distinct methods: spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1600 °C for 10 min under an applied pressure of 50 MPa, and a high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) process performed at 1300 °C and 1600 °C under 7.8 GPa for 1 min. The microstructure of the SPS-consolidated sample exhibited fine, uniform, pure TiN grains with an average size of 4.8 ± 2.0 μm. In contrast, the HPHT-consolidated material retains the TiN/TiN0.3 milled grains nanostructure. Additionally, localized reactions between grains with varying nitrogen content lead to the formation of new TiN nanoparticles ranging in size from 23.1 ± 7.7 nm to 27.5 ± 10 nm, depending on the consolidation temperature. Variations in mechanical properties are attributed to the increased porosity and inhomogeneous microstructure in HPHT-synthesized samples, which impair load transfer and grain boundary bonding, thereby reducing compressive strength (1779 and 1624 MPa) and hardness (1441 ± 98 and 1538 ± 62 HV). The higher density, which is obtained through SPS consolidation with stoichiometric TiN ensures better strength (2416 MPa) and hardness (1796 ± 160 HV). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-17d98b7b8dfd4d83b68fc640d72bbf97 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-17d98b7b8dfd4d83b68fc640d72bbf972025-08-20T03:34:13ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-07-01373895390610.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.217Mechanically activated TiN nano-powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high-pressure methodsJakub Kasprzycki0Katarzyna Stan-Głowińska1Piotr Ozga2Grzegorz Garzeł3Anna Sypień4Anna Góral5Sebastian Sobula6Karol Janus7Ganna Chyzhyk8Piotr Klimczyk9Urszula D. Wdowik10Lukasz Rogal11Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland; Corresponding author.Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, PolandInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, PolandInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, PolandInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, PolandInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, PolandAGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, PolandInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland; AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, PolandInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, PolandŁukasiewicz Research Network, Krakow Institute of Technology, Krakow, PolandIT4Innovations, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, CZ 708 00, Czech RepublicInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland; Corresponding author.Titanium nitride (TiN) nano-powder was synthesized in a gas-pressure vessel steel via a mechanically induced reaction between Ti(α) and nitrogen gas for 40 h. Following mechanical activation, the precursor was consolidated using two distinct methods: spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1600 °C for 10 min under an applied pressure of 50 MPa, and a high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) process performed at 1300 °C and 1600 °C under 7.8 GPa for 1 min. The microstructure of the SPS-consolidated sample exhibited fine, uniform, pure TiN grains with an average size of 4.8 ± 2.0 μm. In contrast, the HPHT-consolidated material retains the TiN/TiN0.3 milled grains nanostructure. Additionally, localized reactions between grains with varying nitrogen content lead to the formation of new TiN nanoparticles ranging in size from 23.1 ± 7.7 nm to 27.5 ± 10 nm, depending on the consolidation temperature. Variations in mechanical properties are attributed to the increased porosity and inhomogeneous microstructure in HPHT-synthesized samples, which impair load transfer and grain boundary bonding, thereby reducing compressive strength (1779 and 1624 MPa) and hardness (1441 ± 98 and 1538 ± 62 HV). The higher density, which is obtained through SPS consolidation with stoichiometric TiN ensures better strength (2416 MPa) and hardness (1796 ± 160 HV).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016394Mechanical alloyingNitrogen pressureTitanium nitrideNanoparticlesConsolidation |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Kasprzycki Katarzyna Stan-Głowińska Piotr Ozga Grzegorz Garzeł Anna Sypień Anna Góral Sebastian Sobula Karol Janus Ganna Chyzhyk Piotr Klimczyk Urszula D. Wdowik Lukasz Rogal Mechanically activated TiN nano-powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high-pressure methods Journal of Materials Research and Technology Mechanical alloying Nitrogen pressure Titanium nitride Nanoparticles Consolidation |
| title | Mechanically activated TiN nano-powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high-pressure methods |
| title_full | Mechanically activated TiN nano-powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high-pressure methods |
| title_fullStr | Mechanically activated TiN nano-powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high-pressure methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanically activated TiN nano-powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high-pressure methods |
| title_short | Mechanically activated TiN nano-powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high-pressure methods |
| title_sort | mechanically activated tin nano powders consolidated by spark plasma sintering and high pressure methods |
| topic | Mechanical alloying Nitrogen pressure Titanium nitride Nanoparticles Consolidation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016394 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jakubkasprzycki mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT katarzynastangłowinska mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT piotrozga mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT grzegorzgarzeł mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT annasypien mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT annagoral mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT sebastiansobula mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT karoljanus mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT gannachyzhyk mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT piotrklimczyk mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT urszuladwdowik mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods AT lukaszrogal mechanicallyactivatedtinnanopowdersconsolidatedbysparkplasmasinteringandhighpressuremethods |