Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Defense Booster for Wheat against Leaf Rust Pathogen (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>)

Wheat leaf rust, caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i>, poses a growing threat to global wheat production, necessitating alternative strategies for effective disease management. This study investigated the potential of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to enhance resistance to leaf rust in tw...

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Main Authors: Hala Badr Khalil, Abdullah Mohsen Lutfi, Ahmed Reyad Sayed, Mohamed Tharwat Mahmoud, Salah Abdelfatah Mostafa, Zeyad Ahmed Ibrahim, Asmaa A. Sharf-Eldin, Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid, Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim, Marian Thabet
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/19/2792
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author Hala Badr Khalil
Abdullah Mohsen Lutfi
Ahmed Reyad Sayed
Mohamed Tharwat Mahmoud
Salah Abdelfatah Mostafa
Zeyad Ahmed Ibrahim
Asmaa A. Sharf-Eldin
Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid
Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
Marian Thabet
author_facet Hala Badr Khalil
Abdullah Mohsen Lutfi
Ahmed Reyad Sayed
Mohamed Tharwat Mahmoud
Salah Abdelfatah Mostafa
Zeyad Ahmed Ibrahim
Asmaa A. Sharf-Eldin
Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid
Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
Marian Thabet
author_sort Hala Badr Khalil
collection DOAJ
description Wheat leaf rust, caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i>, poses a growing threat to global wheat production, necessitating alternative strategies for effective disease management. This study investigated the potential of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to enhance resistance to leaf rust in two wheat cultivars: the susceptible Morocco and moderately resistant Sakha 94 cultivar. Our findings revealed that GABA significantly improved resistance in both cultivars to <i>P. triticina</i>, particularly in Morocco, by mitigating disease severity and reducing pustule density and size while extending both incubation and latent periods. This study assessed the effectiveness of two GABA application methods: plants received 1 mM GABA treatment, as a foliar spray, twenty-four hours prior to infection (pre-GABA), and plants received 1 mM GABA treatment both 24 h before and after infection (pre-/post-GABA), with the latter yielding significantly better results in reducing infection severity and improving plant resilience. Additionally, GABA application influenced stomatal behavior, promoting closure that may enhance resilience against leaf rust. GABA application on plants also modulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This led to a stronger oxidative burst in both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars. GABA increased O<sub>2</sub><sup>●−</sup> levels in guard cells and surrounding stomata, enhancing stomatal closure and the hypersensitive response. GABA enhanced the accumulation of soluble phenols and increased the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), which are vital for managing oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, this investigation represents the first report into the impact of GABA on wheat leaf rust disease.
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spelling doaj-art-17894ca60508488a994109f323f3f6192025-08-20T01:47:37ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-10-011319279210.3390/plants13192792Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Defense Booster for Wheat against Leaf Rust Pathogen (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>)Hala Badr Khalil0Abdullah Mohsen Lutfi1Ahmed Reyad Sayed2Mohamed Tharwat Mahmoud3Salah Abdelfatah Mostafa4Zeyad Ahmed Ibrahim5Asmaa A. Sharf-Eldin6Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid7Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim8Marian Thabet9Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, EgyptBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, EgyptBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, EgyptBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, EgyptBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, EgyptDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptWheat Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, EgyptDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, EgyptWheat leaf rust, caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i>, poses a growing threat to global wheat production, necessitating alternative strategies for effective disease management. This study investigated the potential of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to enhance resistance to leaf rust in two wheat cultivars: the susceptible Morocco and moderately resistant Sakha 94 cultivar. Our findings revealed that GABA significantly improved resistance in both cultivars to <i>P. triticina</i>, particularly in Morocco, by mitigating disease severity and reducing pustule density and size while extending both incubation and latent periods. This study assessed the effectiveness of two GABA application methods: plants received 1 mM GABA treatment, as a foliar spray, twenty-four hours prior to infection (pre-GABA), and plants received 1 mM GABA treatment both 24 h before and after infection (pre-/post-GABA), with the latter yielding significantly better results in reducing infection severity and improving plant resilience. Additionally, GABA application influenced stomatal behavior, promoting closure that may enhance resilience against leaf rust. GABA application on plants also modulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This led to a stronger oxidative burst in both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars. GABA increased O<sub>2</sub><sup>●−</sup> levels in guard cells and surrounding stomata, enhancing stomatal closure and the hypersensitive response. GABA enhanced the accumulation of soluble phenols and increased the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), which are vital for managing oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, this investigation represents the first report into the impact of GABA on wheat leaf rust disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/19/2792gamma-aminobutyric acid<i>Puccinia triticina</i><i>Triticum aestivum</i>leaf rustwheatreactive oxygen species
spellingShingle Hala Badr Khalil
Abdullah Mohsen Lutfi
Ahmed Reyad Sayed
Mohamed Tharwat Mahmoud
Salah Abdelfatah Mostafa
Zeyad Ahmed Ibrahim
Asmaa A. Sharf-Eldin
Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid
Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
Marian Thabet
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Defense Booster for Wheat against Leaf Rust Pathogen (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>)
Plants
gamma-aminobutyric acid
<i>Puccinia triticina</i>
<i>Triticum aestivum</i>
leaf rust
wheat
reactive oxygen species
title Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Defense Booster for Wheat against Leaf Rust Pathogen (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>)
title_full Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Defense Booster for Wheat against Leaf Rust Pathogen (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>)
title_fullStr Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Defense Booster for Wheat against Leaf Rust Pathogen (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>)
title_full_unstemmed Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Defense Booster for Wheat against Leaf Rust Pathogen (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>)
title_short Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as a Defense Booster for Wheat against Leaf Rust Pathogen (<i>Puccinia triticina</i>)
title_sort gamma aminobutyric acid gaba as a defense booster for wheat against leaf rust pathogen i puccinia triticina i
topic gamma-aminobutyric acid
<i>Puccinia triticina</i>
<i>Triticum aestivum</i>
leaf rust
wheat
reactive oxygen species
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/19/2792
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