Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms

Lung cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with survival rates stubbornly low despite significant advancements in conventional therapies. The limited effectiveness of traditional immunotherapies, particularly in advanced stages of the disease, highlights an ur...

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Main Authors: Alireza Pazoki, Sepehr Dadfar, Atefe Alirezaee, Valentyn Oksenych, Dariush Haghmorad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1617352/full
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author Alireza Pazoki
Alireza Pazoki
Sepehr Dadfar
Sepehr Dadfar
Atefe Alirezaee
Atefe Alirezaee
Valentyn Oksenych
Dariush Haghmorad
author_facet Alireza Pazoki
Alireza Pazoki
Sepehr Dadfar
Sepehr Dadfar
Atefe Alirezaee
Atefe Alirezaee
Valentyn Oksenych
Dariush Haghmorad
author_sort Alireza Pazoki
collection DOAJ
description Lung cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with survival rates stubbornly low despite significant advancements in conventional therapies. The limited effectiveness of traditional immunotherapies, particularly in advanced stages of the disease, highlights an urgent need for innovative treatment options. Cancer vaccines represent a promising Frontier in this battle, aiming to harness the power of the immune system to create lasting memory against tumor cells. This approach not only promotes tumor regression but also does so with minimal adverse effects. The death of tumor cells induced by these vaccines triggers a cascade of immune responses, activating functional T cells and sustaining the cancer-immunity cycle. Among emerging platforms, RNA-based vaccines have garnered particular attention for their rapid development potential, flexible design, and ability to induce robust cellular and humoral immunity. As a result, cancer vaccines—including RNA-based modalities—are increasingly viewed as a groundbreaking therapeutic strategy in the immunotherapy landscape for solid tumors. In this review, we examine recent advancements in lung cancer vaccines, focusing on antigen selection, innovative vaccine platforms and delivery strategies. Moreover, we provide a detailed analysis of ongoing and completed clinical trials, including targeted antigens, administration routes, and platforms used. Additionally, we discuss the potential benefits of combination therapies to enhance vaccine efficacy and address the limitations of these vaccines. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of how these developments aim to overcome current treatment challenges and improve patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-16fc4adab1f54c99bf1d783766e8bdb72025-08-20T02:36:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852025-06-011310.3389/fbioe.2025.16173521617352Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platformsAlireza Pazoki0Alireza Pazoki1Sepehr Dadfar2Sepehr Dadfar3Atefe Alirezaee4Atefe Alirezaee5Valentyn Oksenych6Dariush Haghmorad7Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranStudent Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranStudent Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranImmunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBroegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranLung cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with survival rates stubbornly low despite significant advancements in conventional therapies. The limited effectiveness of traditional immunotherapies, particularly in advanced stages of the disease, highlights an urgent need for innovative treatment options. Cancer vaccines represent a promising Frontier in this battle, aiming to harness the power of the immune system to create lasting memory against tumor cells. This approach not only promotes tumor regression but also does so with minimal adverse effects. The death of tumor cells induced by these vaccines triggers a cascade of immune responses, activating functional T cells and sustaining the cancer-immunity cycle. Among emerging platforms, RNA-based vaccines have garnered particular attention for their rapid development potential, flexible design, and ability to induce robust cellular and humoral immunity. As a result, cancer vaccines—including RNA-based modalities—are increasingly viewed as a groundbreaking therapeutic strategy in the immunotherapy landscape for solid tumors. In this review, we examine recent advancements in lung cancer vaccines, focusing on antigen selection, innovative vaccine platforms and delivery strategies. Moreover, we provide a detailed analysis of ongoing and completed clinical trials, including targeted antigens, administration routes, and platforms used. Additionally, we discuss the potential benefits of combination therapies to enhance vaccine efficacy and address the limitations of these vaccines. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of how these developments aim to overcome current treatment challenges and improve patient outcomes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1617352/fulllung cancerimmunotherapycancer vaccinestherapeutic vaccinescancer therapy
spellingShingle Alireza Pazoki
Alireza Pazoki
Sepehr Dadfar
Sepehr Dadfar
Atefe Alirezaee
Atefe Alirezaee
Valentyn Oksenych
Dariush Haghmorad
Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
lung cancer
immunotherapy
cancer vaccines
therapeutic vaccines
cancer therapy
title Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms
title_full Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms
title_fullStr Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms
title_full_unstemmed Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms
title_short Lung cancer vaccine strategies: exploring the spectrum from traditional to RNA-based platforms
title_sort lung cancer vaccine strategies exploring the spectrum from traditional to rna based platforms
topic lung cancer
immunotherapy
cancer vaccines
therapeutic vaccines
cancer therapy
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1617352/full
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