Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and Arginine
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Tannic acid (TA) is a well-known natural phenolic acid composed of ten gallic acids linked to each other with ester bonding possessing excellent antioxidant properties in addition to antimicrobial and anticancer characteristics. Arginine (ARG) is a positivel...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Mehtap Sahiner Selin S. Suner Nurettin Sahiner |
| author_facet | Mehtap Sahiner Selin S. Suner Nurettin Sahiner |
| author_sort | Mehtap Sahiner |
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| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Tannic acid (TA) is a well-known natural phenolic acid composed of ten gallic acids linked to each other with ester bonding possessing excellent antioxidant properties in addition to antimicrobial and anticancer characteristics. Arginine (ARG) is a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH because of nitrogen-rich side chain. <b>Method</b>: Here, poly(tannic acid-co-arginine) (p(TA-co-ARG)) particles at three mole ratios, TA:ARG = 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, were prepared via a Mannich condensation reaction between TA and ARG by utilizing formaldehyde as a linking agent. <b>Results</b>: The p(TA-co-ARG) particles in 300–1000 nm size range with smooth surfaces visualized via SEM analysis were attained. Abundant numbers of functional groups, -OH, -NH<sub>2</sub>, and -COOH stemming from TA and ARG constituent confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The isoelectric point (IEP) of the particles increased from pH 4.98 to pH 7.30 by increasing the ARG ratios in p(TA-co-ARG) particles. The antioxidant capacity of p(TA-co-ARG) particles via gallic acid (GA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) equivalents tests revealed that particles possess concentration-dependent antioxidant potency and increased by TA content. The α-glucosidase inhibition of p(TA-co-ARG) particles (2 mg/mL) 1:1 and 1:2 mole ratios revealed significant enzyme inhibition ability, e.g., 91.3 ± 3.1% and 77.6 ± 12.0%. Interestingly, p(TA-co-ARG) (1:3 ratio) possessed significant antibacterial effectiveness against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 8739) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 6538) bacteria. Furthermore, all p(TA-co-ARG) particles at 1000 mg/mL concentration showed >80% toxicity on L929 fibroblast cells and increased as ARG content of p(TA-co-ARG) particles is increased. <b>Conclusions</b>: p(TA-co-ARG) showed significant potential as natural biomaterials for biomedical use. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-16decc31d0d343a189781f47b4101831 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-16decc31d0d343a189781f47b41018312025-01-24T13:24:25ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113120910.3390/biomedicines13010209Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and ArginineMehtap Sahiner0Selin S. Suner1Nurettin Sahiner2Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17199, TurkeyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, TurkeyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Tannic acid (TA) is a well-known natural phenolic acid composed of ten gallic acids linked to each other with ester bonding possessing excellent antioxidant properties in addition to antimicrobial and anticancer characteristics. Arginine (ARG) is a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH because of nitrogen-rich side chain. <b>Method</b>: Here, poly(tannic acid-co-arginine) (p(TA-co-ARG)) particles at three mole ratios, TA:ARG = 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, were prepared via a Mannich condensation reaction between TA and ARG by utilizing formaldehyde as a linking agent. <b>Results</b>: The p(TA-co-ARG) particles in 300–1000 nm size range with smooth surfaces visualized via SEM analysis were attained. Abundant numbers of functional groups, -OH, -NH<sub>2</sub>, and -COOH stemming from TA and ARG constituent confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The isoelectric point (IEP) of the particles increased from pH 4.98 to pH 7.30 by increasing the ARG ratios in p(TA-co-ARG) particles. The antioxidant capacity of p(TA-co-ARG) particles via gallic acid (GA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) equivalents tests revealed that particles possess concentration-dependent antioxidant potency and increased by TA content. The α-glucosidase inhibition of p(TA-co-ARG) particles (2 mg/mL) 1:1 and 1:2 mole ratios revealed significant enzyme inhibition ability, e.g., 91.3 ± 3.1% and 77.6 ± 12.0%. Interestingly, p(TA-co-ARG) (1:3 ratio) possessed significant antibacterial effectiveness against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 8739) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 6538) bacteria. Furthermore, all p(TA-co-ARG) particles at 1000 mg/mL concentration showed >80% toxicity on L929 fibroblast cells and increased as ARG content of p(TA-co-ARG) particles is increased. <b>Conclusions</b>: p(TA-co-ARG) showed significant potential as natural biomaterials for biomedical use.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/209tannic acidargininenanoparticlesphenolic- and amino acid-based particlesantioxidantantimicrobial |
| spellingShingle | Mehtap Sahiner Selin S. Suner Nurettin Sahiner Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and Arginine Biomedicines tannic acid arginine nanoparticles phenolic- and amino acid-based particles antioxidant antimicrobial |
| title | Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and Arginine |
| title_full | Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and Arginine |
| title_fullStr | Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and Arginine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and Arginine |
| title_short | Nanoparticles for Biomedical Use Derived from Natural Biomolecules: Tannic Acid and Arginine |
| title_sort | nanoparticles for biomedical use derived from natural biomolecules tannic acid and arginine |
| topic | tannic acid arginine nanoparticles phenolic- and amino acid-based particles antioxidant antimicrobial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/209 |
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