Unified Underwater Communication Positioning Navigation and Timing Network System Design and Application

The dynamic and heterogeneous nature of marine environments, combined with severely constrained communication and energy resources, presents distinct challenges in constructing underwater Communication, Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (CPNT) systems compared to terrestrial Positioning, Navigatio...

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Main Authors: Lipeng Huo, Mengzhuo Liu, Heng Wen, Zheng Peng, Yusha Liu, Xiaoxin Guo, Jun-Hong Cui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/6/1094
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author Lipeng Huo
Mengzhuo Liu
Heng Wen
Zheng Peng
Yusha Liu
Xiaoxin Guo
Jun-Hong Cui
author_facet Lipeng Huo
Mengzhuo Liu
Heng Wen
Zheng Peng
Yusha Liu
Xiaoxin Guo
Jun-Hong Cui
author_sort Lipeng Huo
collection DOAJ
description The dynamic and heterogeneous nature of marine environments, combined with severely constrained communication and energy resources, presents distinct challenges in constructing underwater Communication, Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (CPNT) systems compared to terrestrial Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) architecture. To address the inherent limitations of conventional decoupled CPNT systems – including high costs and low efficiency in communication and energy utilization – this study aims to propose a unified underwater CPNT (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) system that coordinates multi-modal data and resource allocation, thereby optimizing CPNT service performance in harsh underwater conditions. In this study, Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) formalization is applied to theoretically analyze the feasibility of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> system, and the design of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> system is presented to realize the integrated design of CPNT. To validate the system performance, a real <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> system was built and sea trials were conducted. With <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> architecture, the integrated CPNT service can be provided, the positioning error is lower, the positioning continuity has improved by 7.68%, the velocity estimation error is less than 1 m/s, making <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> a potential solution for underwater CPNT service.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-16de96030f0742cc8034f8a7fca4d7a52025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-05-01136109410.3390/jmse13061094Unified Underwater Communication Positioning Navigation and Timing Network System Design and ApplicationLipeng Huo0Mengzhuo Liu1Heng Wen2Zheng Peng3Yusha Liu4Xiaoxin Guo5Jun-Hong Cui6College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaShenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, ChinaSchool of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaThe dynamic and heterogeneous nature of marine environments, combined with severely constrained communication and energy resources, presents distinct challenges in constructing underwater Communication, Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (CPNT) systems compared to terrestrial Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) architecture. To address the inherent limitations of conventional decoupled CPNT systems – including high costs and low efficiency in communication and energy utilization – this study aims to propose a unified underwater CPNT (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) system that coordinates multi-modal data and resource allocation, thereby optimizing CPNT service performance in harsh underwater conditions. In this study, Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) formalization is applied to theoretically analyze the feasibility of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> system, and the design of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> system is presented to realize the integrated design of CPNT. To validate the system performance, a real <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> system was built and sea trials were conducted. With <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> architecture, the integrated CPNT service can be provided, the positioning error is lower, the positioning continuity has improved by 7.68%, the velocity estimation error is less than 1 m/s, making <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> a potential solution for underwater CPNT service.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/6/1094acoustic communicationunderwater positioningnavigationtiming<i>U<sup>2</sup>CPNT</i>
spellingShingle Lipeng Huo
Mengzhuo Liu
Heng Wen
Zheng Peng
Yusha Liu
Xiaoxin Guo
Jun-Hong Cui
Unified Underwater Communication Positioning Navigation and Timing Network System Design and Application
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
acoustic communication
underwater positioning
navigation
timing
<i>U<sup>2</sup>CPNT</i>
title Unified Underwater Communication Positioning Navigation and Timing Network System Design and Application
title_full Unified Underwater Communication Positioning Navigation and Timing Network System Design and Application
title_fullStr Unified Underwater Communication Positioning Navigation and Timing Network System Design and Application
title_full_unstemmed Unified Underwater Communication Positioning Navigation and Timing Network System Design and Application
title_short Unified Underwater Communication Positioning Navigation and Timing Network System Design and Application
title_sort unified underwater communication positioning navigation and timing network system design and application
topic acoustic communication
underwater positioning
navigation
timing
<i>U<sup>2</sup>CPNT</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/6/1094
work_keys_str_mv AT lipenghuo unifiedunderwatercommunicationpositioningnavigationandtimingnetworksystemdesignandapplication
AT mengzhuoliu unifiedunderwatercommunicationpositioningnavigationandtimingnetworksystemdesignandapplication
AT hengwen unifiedunderwatercommunicationpositioningnavigationandtimingnetworksystemdesignandapplication
AT zhengpeng unifiedunderwatercommunicationpositioningnavigationandtimingnetworksystemdesignandapplication
AT yushaliu unifiedunderwatercommunicationpositioningnavigationandtimingnetworksystemdesignandapplication
AT xiaoxinguo unifiedunderwatercommunicationpositioningnavigationandtimingnetworksystemdesignandapplication
AT junhongcui unifiedunderwatercommunicationpositioningnavigationandtimingnetworksystemdesignandapplication