Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive Surface
Engineered electromagnetic surfaces enable enhancing the strength of a signal in the desired direction(s) using anomalous reflection/transmission. However, to boost the gain of the conventional surfaces, the common solution is to increase its aperture size where this method limits the gain performan...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10681599/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850130056703115264 |
|---|---|
| author | Seyed Ehsan Hosseininejad Amirmasood Bagheri Fan Wang Mohsen Khalily Rahim Tafazolli |
| author_facet | Seyed Ehsan Hosseininejad Amirmasood Bagheri Fan Wang Mohsen Khalily Rahim Tafazolli |
| author_sort | Seyed Ehsan Hosseininejad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Engineered electromagnetic surfaces enable enhancing the strength of a signal in the desired direction(s) using anomalous reflection/transmission. However, to boost the gain of the conventional surfaces, the common solution is to increase its aperture size where this method limits the gain performance for limited space in scenarios for large-distance communication. This paper proposes a gain-controlled beam-steering polarization-engineered transmissive surface to tackle this challenge. To implement such a functionality, a transmissive unit cell properly integrated with transistors and phase shifters is introduced with the ability of simultaneous manipulation of phase, amplitude (reduction and amplification), and polarization. Then, a supercell including the array of unit cells with desired linear phase gradient is designed and analyzed using Floquet approach to tilt the transmitted beam. Finally, to verify the proposed idea, a surface including <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12\times 12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> unit cells is designed, fabricated and verified. It is demonstrated that a maximum gain of 25 dB compared to air aperture and 11 dB compared to the passive one are achieved by assuming a constant size at 5 GHz. Based on this gain improvement, the active surface’s aperture efficiency is 12.58 times greater than that of the passive surface. Moreover, the surface gain can be reconfigured by the amplification level of the transistors, providing efficient dynamic way for changing the gain instead of the static resizing of aperture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-16d4bf3d75fe4cc9b32e5930bcfd4e41 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2637-6431 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| spelling | doaj-art-16d4bf3d75fe4cc9b32e5930bcfd4e412025-08-20T02:32:48ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation2637-64312024-01-01561786179410.1109/OJAP.2024.346281010681599Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive SurfaceSeyed Ehsan Hosseininejad0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7403-5439Amirmasood Bagheri1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-384XFan Wang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1445-6928Mohsen Khalily3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-5428Rahim Tafazolli4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-8639Institute for Communication Systems, Home of the 5G and 6G Innovation Centres, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K.Institute for Communication Systems, Home of the 5G and 6G Innovation Centres, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K.Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaInstitute for Communication Systems, Home of the 5G and 6G Innovation Centres, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K.Institute for Communication Systems, Home of the 5G and 6G Innovation Centres, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K.Engineered electromagnetic surfaces enable enhancing the strength of a signal in the desired direction(s) using anomalous reflection/transmission. However, to boost the gain of the conventional surfaces, the common solution is to increase its aperture size where this method limits the gain performance for limited space in scenarios for large-distance communication. This paper proposes a gain-controlled beam-steering polarization-engineered transmissive surface to tackle this challenge. To implement such a functionality, a transmissive unit cell properly integrated with transistors and phase shifters is introduced with the ability of simultaneous manipulation of phase, amplitude (reduction and amplification), and polarization. Then, a supercell including the array of unit cells with desired linear phase gradient is designed and analyzed using Floquet approach to tilt the transmitted beam. Finally, to verify the proposed idea, a surface including <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12\times 12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> unit cells is designed, fabricated and verified. It is demonstrated that a maximum gain of 25 dB compared to air aperture and 11 dB compared to the passive one are achieved by assuming a constant size at 5 GHz. Based on this gain improvement, the active surface’s aperture efficiency is 12.58 times greater than that of the passive surface. Moreover, the surface gain can be reconfigured by the amplification level of the transistors, providing efficient dynamic way for changing the gain instead of the static resizing of aperture.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10681599/Beam steeringgain-controlled approachintelligent surfacepolarization controltransmissive surface |
| spellingShingle | Seyed Ehsan Hosseininejad Amirmasood Bagheri Fan Wang Mohsen Khalily Rahim Tafazolli Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive Surface IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Beam steering gain-controlled approach intelligent surface polarization control transmissive surface |
| title | Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive Surface |
| title_full | Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive Surface |
| title_fullStr | Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive Surface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive Surface |
| title_short | Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive Surface |
| title_sort | active gain controlled beam steering transmissive surface |
| topic | Beam steering gain-controlled approach intelligent surface polarization control transmissive surface |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10681599/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seyedehsanhosseininejad activegaincontrolledbeamsteeringtransmissivesurface AT amirmasoodbagheri activegaincontrolledbeamsteeringtransmissivesurface AT fanwang activegaincontrolledbeamsteeringtransmissivesurface AT mohsenkhalily activegaincontrolledbeamsteeringtransmissivesurface AT rahimtafazolli activegaincontrolledbeamsteeringtransmissivesurface |