HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members
Increasing evidence indicates that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are important to human health and are an underexplored component of many diseases. Certain HERV families show unique expression patterns and immune responses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients compared to healthy contro...
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2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/9 |
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| author | Marco Bo Alessandra Carta Chiara Cipriani Vanna Cavassa Elena Rita Simula Nguyen Thi Huyen Giang Thi Hang Phan Marta Noli Claudia Matteucci Stefano Sotgiu Emanuela Balestrieri Leonardo Antonio Sechi |
| author_facet | Marco Bo Alessandra Carta Chiara Cipriani Vanna Cavassa Elena Rita Simula Nguyen Thi Huyen Giang Thi Hang Phan Marta Noli Claudia Matteucci Stefano Sotgiu Emanuela Balestrieri Leonardo Antonio Sechi |
| author_sort | Marco Bo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing evidence indicates that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are important to human health and are an underexplored component of many diseases. Certain HERV families show unique expression patterns and immune responses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting their potential as biomarkers. Despite these interesting findings, the role of HERVs in ASD needs to be further investigated. In this review, we discuss recent advances in genetic research on ASD, with a particular emphasis on the implications of HERVs on neurodevelopment and future genomic initiatives aimed at discovering ASD-related genes through Artificial Intelligence. Given their pro-inflammatory and autoimmune characteristics, the existing literature suggests that HERVs may contribute to the onset or worsening of ASD in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Therefore, we propose that investigating their fundamental properties could not only improve existing therapies but also pave the way for new therapeutic strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-16192b6f45d94867ad26f0180a7f1bab |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-16192b6f45d94867ad26f0180a7f1bab2025-01-24T13:42:16ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-01131910.3390/microorganisms13010009HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family MembersMarco Bo0Alessandra Carta1Chiara Cipriani2Vanna Cavassa3Elena Rita Simula4Nguyen Thi Huyen5Giang Thi Hang Phan6Marta Noli7Claudia Matteucci8Stefano Sotgiu9Emanuela Balestrieri10Leonardo Antonio Sechi11Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, ItalyUnit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyUnit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City 53000, VietnamDepartment of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City 53000, VietnamDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyUnit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, ItalyIncreasing evidence indicates that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are important to human health and are an underexplored component of many diseases. Certain HERV families show unique expression patterns and immune responses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting their potential as biomarkers. Despite these interesting findings, the role of HERVs in ASD needs to be further investigated. In this review, we discuss recent advances in genetic research on ASD, with a particular emphasis on the implications of HERVs on neurodevelopment and future genomic initiatives aimed at discovering ASD-related genes through Artificial Intelligence. Given their pro-inflammatory and autoimmune characteristics, the existing literature suggests that HERVs may contribute to the onset or worsening of ASD in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Therefore, we propose that investigating their fundamental properties could not only improve existing therapies but also pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/9ASDhuman endogenous retrovirusgenesartificial intelligence |
| spellingShingle | Marco Bo Alessandra Carta Chiara Cipriani Vanna Cavassa Elena Rita Simula Nguyen Thi Huyen Giang Thi Hang Phan Marta Noli Claudia Matteucci Stefano Sotgiu Emanuela Balestrieri Leonardo Antonio Sechi HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members Microorganisms ASD human endogenous retrovirus genes artificial intelligence |
| title | HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members |
| title_full | HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members |
| title_fullStr | HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members |
| title_full_unstemmed | HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members |
| title_short | HERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members |
| title_sort | hervs endophenotype in autism spectrum disorder human endogenous retroviruses specific immunoreactivity and disease association in different family members |
| topic | ASD human endogenous retrovirus genes artificial intelligence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/9 |
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