Is China Growing Dirty? A Cointegration Analysis with Structural Breaks

Economic growth and development are some of the most important macroeconomic targets for national economies. Many ways exist for achieving these goals, and ensuring sustainability has a very important place. How much economic growth and development need to contribute to increasing human welfare, the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mustafa Naimoğlu, Sefa Özbek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Istanbul University Press 2022-07-01
Series:İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi
Subjects:
Online Access:https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/511749CFE9514A019D0124F1313D9F63
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850189294171324416
author Mustafa Naimoğlu
Sefa Özbek
author_facet Mustafa Naimoğlu
Sefa Özbek
author_sort Mustafa Naimoğlu
collection DOAJ
description Economic growth and development are some of the most important macroeconomic targets for national economies. Many ways exist for achieving these goals, and ensuring sustainability has a very important place. How much economic growth and development need to contribute to increasing human welfare, the quality and characteristics of growth in a national economy become important. This study examines the relationships among energy consumption, trade liberalization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions over the sample period of 1971-2018 in the Chinese economy, which saw a 393.64% per capita increase in energy use, 3,180.01% increase in gross domestic product per capita, and 610.515% increase in CO2 emissions per capita in 2018 compared to 1971. The study first tests the stationarity of the variables using the Zivot and Andrews (1992) unit root tests with structural breaks. The presence of long-term relationships among the variables was investigated using the Gregory and Hansen (1996) cointegration test, which includes structural breaks in the model. The short- and long-term coefficient estimations were analyzed using the Full Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) methods. Estimates for the short- and long-term coefficients were analyzed using the FMOLS and CCR methods. The results show that economic growth and energy consumption increase CO2 emissions in the short and long term. Therefore, pollution growth is determined to have taken place in China. This result stands out as an important problem in China. The high level of CO2 emissions in China and the fact that this problem has a significant weight on a global scale removes the problem from being local. Therefore, politicians need to take concrete steps immediately to solve this problem.
format Article
id doaj-art-15e3fb0c0f6c4ca7a3b6ebc6ac680b9b
institution OA Journals
issn 2148-3876
language English
publishDate 2022-07-01
publisher Istanbul University Press
record_format Article
series İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi
spelling doaj-art-15e3fb0c0f6c4ca7a3b6ebc6ac680b9b2025-08-20T02:15:38ZengIstanbul University Pressİktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi2148-38762022-07-019224526410.26650/JEPR1055637123456Is China Growing Dirty? A Cointegration Analysis with Structural BreaksMustafa Naimoğlu0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-159XSefa Özbek1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-2056Bingöl Üniversitesi, Bingol, TurkiyeKahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Kahramanmaras, TurkiyeEconomic growth and development are some of the most important macroeconomic targets for national economies. Many ways exist for achieving these goals, and ensuring sustainability has a very important place. How much economic growth and development need to contribute to increasing human welfare, the quality and characteristics of growth in a national economy become important. This study examines the relationships among energy consumption, trade liberalization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions over the sample period of 1971-2018 in the Chinese economy, which saw a 393.64% per capita increase in energy use, 3,180.01% increase in gross domestic product per capita, and 610.515% increase in CO2 emissions per capita in 2018 compared to 1971. The study first tests the stationarity of the variables using the Zivot and Andrews (1992) unit root tests with structural breaks. The presence of long-term relationships among the variables was investigated using the Gregory and Hansen (1996) cointegration test, which includes structural breaks in the model. The short- and long-term coefficient estimations were analyzed using the Full Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) methods. Estimates for the short- and long-term coefficients were analyzed using the FMOLS and CCR methods. The results show that economic growth and energy consumption increase CO2 emissions in the short and long term. Therefore, pollution growth is determined to have taken place in China. This result stands out as an important problem in China. The high level of CO2 emissions in China and the fact that this problem has a significant weight on a global scale removes the problem from being local. Therefore, politicians need to take concrete steps immediately to solve this problem.https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/511749CFE9514A019D0124F1313D9F63energy consumptiontrade liberalizationco2 emissionseconomic growthchina
spellingShingle Mustafa Naimoğlu
Sefa Özbek
Is China Growing Dirty? A Cointegration Analysis with Structural Breaks
İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi
energy consumption
trade liberalization
co2 emissions
economic growth
china
title Is China Growing Dirty? A Cointegration Analysis with Structural Breaks
title_full Is China Growing Dirty? A Cointegration Analysis with Structural Breaks
title_fullStr Is China Growing Dirty? A Cointegration Analysis with Structural Breaks
title_full_unstemmed Is China Growing Dirty? A Cointegration Analysis with Structural Breaks
title_short Is China Growing Dirty? A Cointegration Analysis with Structural Breaks
title_sort is china growing dirty a cointegration analysis with structural breaks
topic energy consumption
trade liberalization
co2 emissions
economic growth
china
url https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/511749CFE9514A019D0124F1313D9F63
work_keys_str_mv AT mustafanaimoglu ischinagrowingdirtyacointegrationanalysiswithstructuralbreaks
AT sefaozbek ischinagrowingdirtyacointegrationanalysiswithstructuralbreaks