Glucose Supplementation Enhances the Bactericidal Effect of Penicillin and Gentamicin on <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> Persisters
<b>Background</b>: <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> is a leading cause of infective endocarditis (IE), which causes diverse clinical symptoms and even death. Recurrence after treatment is a crucial problem in IE, possibly caused by the presence of “persister” cells, a small bac...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Kazuya Takada Yoshie Yoshioka Kazumasa Morikawa Wataru Ariyoshi Ryota Yamasaki |
| author_facet | Kazuya Takada Yoshie Yoshioka Kazumasa Morikawa Wataru Ariyoshi Ryota Yamasaki |
| author_sort | Kazuya Takada |
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| description | <b>Background</b>: <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> is a leading cause of infective endocarditis (IE), which causes diverse clinical symptoms and even death. Recurrence after treatment is a crucial problem in IE, possibly caused by the presence of “persister” cells, a small bacterial population that can survive antimicrobials. In this study, the residual risk for penicillin G (PCG) and gentamicin (GM), used for treating IE, to induce <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> persisters, was investigated. <b>Methods</b>: The bactericidal effects of PCG and GM on <i>S. sanguinis</i> were evaluated. Furthermore, we confirmed whether the <i>S. sanguinis</i> that survived following combination treatment with PCG and GM were persisters. The bactericidal effect of the combination of PCG and GM against <i>S. sanguinis</i> was measured after the addition of glucose or arginine. <b>Results</b>: Following 48 h of treatment with PCG (1600 μg/mL) and GM (64 μg/mL), <i>S. sanguinis</i> survived, albeit with a low bacterial count, indicating the presence of persisters. The addition of glucose or arginine to PCG and GM increased the bactericidal effect on residual persister cells and reduced the number of persister cells. Moreover, the addition of glucose at concentrations of 10 mg/mL or higher was substantially effective in achieving sterilization. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings demonstrate that persisters of <i>S. sanguinis</i> that survive antimicrobial treatment may make the treatment of IE challenging, and that combining antimicrobial treatment with glucose is effective for eliminating persisters of <i>S. sanguinis</i>. Taken together, these findings may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies against IE caused by oral streptococcal infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-15618137fe214a4196530c323f8b3924 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-15618137fe214a4196530c323f8b39242025-01-24T13:18:39ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-01-011413610.3390/antibiotics14010036Glucose Supplementation Enhances the Bactericidal Effect of Penicillin and Gentamicin on <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> PersistersKazuya Takada0Yoshie Yoshioka1Kazumasa Morikawa2Wataru Ariyoshi3Ryota Yamasaki4Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, JapanDivision of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, JapanDivision of Oral Functional Development, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, JapanDivision of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, JapanDivision of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan<b>Background</b>: <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> is a leading cause of infective endocarditis (IE), which causes diverse clinical symptoms and even death. Recurrence after treatment is a crucial problem in IE, possibly caused by the presence of “persister” cells, a small bacterial population that can survive antimicrobials. In this study, the residual risk for penicillin G (PCG) and gentamicin (GM), used for treating IE, to induce <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> persisters, was investigated. <b>Methods</b>: The bactericidal effects of PCG and GM on <i>S. sanguinis</i> were evaluated. Furthermore, we confirmed whether the <i>S. sanguinis</i> that survived following combination treatment with PCG and GM were persisters. The bactericidal effect of the combination of PCG and GM against <i>S. sanguinis</i> was measured after the addition of glucose or arginine. <b>Results</b>: Following 48 h of treatment with PCG (1600 μg/mL) and GM (64 μg/mL), <i>S. sanguinis</i> survived, albeit with a low bacterial count, indicating the presence of persisters. The addition of glucose or arginine to PCG and GM increased the bactericidal effect on residual persister cells and reduced the number of persister cells. Moreover, the addition of glucose at concentrations of 10 mg/mL or higher was substantially effective in achieving sterilization. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings demonstrate that persisters of <i>S. sanguinis</i> that survive antimicrobial treatment may make the treatment of IE challenging, and that combining antimicrobial treatment with glucose is effective for eliminating persisters of <i>S. sanguinis</i>. Taken together, these findings may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies against IE caused by oral streptococcal infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/36<i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>persisterinfective endocarditis |
| spellingShingle | Kazuya Takada Yoshie Yoshioka Kazumasa Morikawa Wataru Ariyoshi Ryota Yamasaki Glucose Supplementation Enhances the Bactericidal Effect of Penicillin and Gentamicin on <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> Persisters Antibiotics <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> persister infective endocarditis |
| title | Glucose Supplementation Enhances the Bactericidal Effect of Penicillin and Gentamicin on <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> Persisters |
| title_full | Glucose Supplementation Enhances the Bactericidal Effect of Penicillin and Gentamicin on <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> Persisters |
| title_fullStr | Glucose Supplementation Enhances the Bactericidal Effect of Penicillin and Gentamicin on <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> Persisters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glucose Supplementation Enhances the Bactericidal Effect of Penicillin and Gentamicin on <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> Persisters |
| title_short | Glucose Supplementation Enhances the Bactericidal Effect of Penicillin and Gentamicin on <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> Persisters |
| title_sort | glucose supplementation enhances the bactericidal effect of penicillin and gentamicin on i streptococcus sanguinis i persisters |
| topic | <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> persister infective endocarditis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/36 |
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