Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study
Abstract Background This investigation sought to evaluate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two different types of orthodontic bands after aging in acidic and neutral artificial saliva using human gingival fibroblast-like (HGF1-PI 1) cell lines. Methods Two commercial brands of orthodontic molar ba...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05518-0 |
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| author | Maryam Karandish Bahar Khademi Golnaz Ziaei Nasrollah Erfani Leila Moezi Zahra Faghih |
| author_facet | Maryam Karandish Bahar Khademi Golnaz Ziaei Nasrollah Erfani Leila Moezi Zahra Faghih |
| author_sort | Maryam Karandish |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background This investigation sought to evaluate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two different types of orthodontic bands after aging in acidic and neutral artificial saliva using human gingival fibroblast-like (HGF1-PI 1) cell lines. Methods Two commercial brands of orthodontic molar bands (American orthodontic (AO) and 3 S-dental bands), commonly used by orthodontists, were tested. These bands were divided into four groups to examine the effects of aging following thermocycling, and pH variations (pH = 4.5 and pH = 7.4). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Comet assay was used to evaluate genotoxicity. Results Our results demonstrated that AO molar bands exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on gingiva cells following incubation in acidic condition compared to untreated control (P = 0.04), however no effect was observed at neutral condition. In contrast, 3 S-dental molar bands showed no significant differences at both conditions compared to control group. Regarding genotoxicity, DNA damage was evident for both brands at pH = 4.5, however, AO molar bands demonstrated longer comet tails compared to 3 S-dental molar bands. AO molar bands was also showed relatively DNA destruction at pH 7.4, while no genotoxicity was for 3 S-dental molar bands. Conclusion The results collectively showed that AO molar bands exhibited cytotoxicity only at acidic pH, while 3 S-dental molar bands showed no cytotoxic effects at either acidic or neutral conditions. Additionally, AO molar bands demonstrated greater genotoxicity than 3 S-dental molar bands at both pH levels. These data represented acceptable biocompatibility for both bands in neutral conditions. However, AO bands seem to become toxic for gingiva cells in acidic milieu. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-14f8801092824deba09cca4f50d8e096 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-14f8801092824deba09cca4f50d8e0962025-02-02T12:45:18ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-01-012511910.1186/s12903-025-05518-0Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro studyMaryam Karandish0Bahar Khademi1Golnaz Ziaei2Nasrollah Erfani3Leila Moezi4Zahra Faghih5Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesOrthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesOrthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background This investigation sought to evaluate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two different types of orthodontic bands after aging in acidic and neutral artificial saliva using human gingival fibroblast-like (HGF1-PI 1) cell lines. Methods Two commercial brands of orthodontic molar bands (American orthodontic (AO) and 3 S-dental bands), commonly used by orthodontists, were tested. These bands were divided into four groups to examine the effects of aging following thermocycling, and pH variations (pH = 4.5 and pH = 7.4). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Comet assay was used to evaluate genotoxicity. Results Our results demonstrated that AO molar bands exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on gingiva cells following incubation in acidic condition compared to untreated control (P = 0.04), however no effect was observed at neutral condition. In contrast, 3 S-dental molar bands showed no significant differences at both conditions compared to control group. Regarding genotoxicity, DNA damage was evident for both brands at pH = 4.5, however, AO molar bands demonstrated longer comet tails compared to 3 S-dental molar bands. AO molar bands was also showed relatively DNA destruction at pH 7.4, while no genotoxicity was for 3 S-dental molar bands. Conclusion The results collectively showed that AO molar bands exhibited cytotoxicity only at acidic pH, while 3 S-dental molar bands showed no cytotoxic effects at either acidic or neutral conditions. Additionally, AO molar bands demonstrated greater genotoxicity than 3 S-dental molar bands at both pH levels. These data represented acceptable biocompatibility for both bands in neutral conditions. However, AO bands seem to become toxic for gingiva cells in acidic milieu.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05518-0Orthodontic bandAgingCytotoxicityGenotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Maryam Karandish Bahar Khademi Golnaz Ziaei Nasrollah Erfani Leila Moezi Zahra Faghih Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study BMC Oral Health Orthodontic band Aging Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity |
| title | Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study |
| title_full | Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study |
| title_fullStr | Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study |
| title_short | Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study |
| title_sort | cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging an in vitro study |
| topic | Orthodontic band Aging Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05518-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maryamkarandish cytotoxicityandgenotoxicityoforthodonticbandsafteraginganinvitrostudy AT baharkhademi cytotoxicityandgenotoxicityoforthodonticbandsafteraginganinvitrostudy AT golnazziaei cytotoxicityandgenotoxicityoforthodonticbandsafteraginganinvitrostudy AT nasrollaherfani cytotoxicityandgenotoxicityoforthodonticbandsafteraginganinvitrostudy AT leilamoezi cytotoxicityandgenotoxicityoforthodonticbandsafteraginganinvitrostudy AT zahrafaghih cytotoxicityandgenotoxicityoforthodonticbandsafteraginganinvitrostudy |