Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)
This research aimed to explore the impact of tea polyphenol (TP) supplementation on the development, antioxidant properties, immune responses, and gut wellness in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>, LMB). Four diets with varying levels of TPs (0.00%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08%) w...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Zixin Yang Qiuwen Su Jiafa Yang Zhijun Li Shanren Lan Xu Jia Paihuai Ouyang Huijuan Tang |
| author_facet | Zixin Yang Qiuwen Su Jiafa Yang Zhijun Li Shanren Lan Xu Jia Paihuai Ouyang Huijuan Tang |
| author_sort | Zixin Yang |
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| description | This research aimed to explore the impact of tea polyphenol (TP) supplementation on the development, antioxidant properties, immune responses, and gut wellness in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>, LMB). Four diets with varying levels of TPs (0.00%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08%) were devised to feed LMB with an initial weight of 4.3 ± 0.02 g for 56 days, among which the intermittent feeding (IF) group was fed a diet supplemented with TP8 for 7 days, followed by a basal diet for another 7 days, and this was repeated until the end (56th day). The results demonstrated that supplementation with 0.04% or 0.08% TPs in the diet could reduce the crude lipid content and increase the crude protein content of LMB (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol (CHO) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the serum significantly decreased with the addition of 0.08% dietary TPs to the diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Dietary TPs can stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and enhance the antioxidant capacity of LMB (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The activities of immune enzymes such as acid phosphatase (ACP) were increased to improve the immune response via the addition of TPs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementation with 0.02% and 0.04% TPs reduced liver fatty infiltration and alleviated hepatocyte damage. Compared with the control diet, dietary TPs significantly increased villus height (VH), villus width (VW), and lipase (LPS) activity in the intestine (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and supplementation with 0.04% TPs significantly increased muscular layer thickness (MT) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With the increase in dietary TPs, distinct differences were observed in the intestinal microbial composition and the relative abundance of potential pathogens, especially <i>Clostridiaceae</i>, which decreased, along with the enrichment of pathways related to metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Additionally, intermittent feeding could alleviate the adverse effects caused by a high dosage. In conclusion, dietary TPs of LMB could enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity and improve intestinal health, and intermittent feeding could mitigate the adverse effects caused by a high dosage. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-148bcdfca9964318a6c8a41522a8f9da |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-148bcdfca9964318a6c8a41522a8f9da2025-01-24T13:18:09ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-01-0115222210.3390/ani15020222Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)Zixin Yang0Qiuwen Su1Jiafa Yang2Zhijun Li3Shanren Lan4Xu Jia5Paihuai Ouyang6Huijuan Tang7College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Weilai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaThis research aimed to explore the impact of tea polyphenol (TP) supplementation on the development, antioxidant properties, immune responses, and gut wellness in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>, LMB). Four diets with varying levels of TPs (0.00%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08%) were devised to feed LMB with an initial weight of 4.3 ± 0.02 g for 56 days, among which the intermittent feeding (IF) group was fed a diet supplemented with TP8 for 7 days, followed by a basal diet for another 7 days, and this was repeated until the end (56th day). The results demonstrated that supplementation with 0.04% or 0.08% TPs in the diet could reduce the crude lipid content and increase the crude protein content of LMB (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol (CHO) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the serum significantly decreased with the addition of 0.08% dietary TPs to the diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Dietary TPs can stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and enhance the antioxidant capacity of LMB (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The activities of immune enzymes such as acid phosphatase (ACP) were increased to improve the immune response via the addition of TPs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementation with 0.02% and 0.04% TPs reduced liver fatty infiltration and alleviated hepatocyte damage. Compared with the control diet, dietary TPs significantly increased villus height (VH), villus width (VW), and lipase (LPS) activity in the intestine (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and supplementation with 0.04% TPs significantly increased muscular layer thickness (MT) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). With the increase in dietary TPs, distinct differences were observed in the intestinal microbial composition and the relative abundance of potential pathogens, especially <i>Clostridiaceae</i>, which decreased, along with the enrichment of pathways related to metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Additionally, intermittent feeding could alleviate the adverse effects caused by a high dosage. In conclusion, dietary TPs of LMB could enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity and improve intestinal health, and intermittent feeding could mitigate the adverse effects caused by a high dosage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/222tantibiotic substitutescarnivorous freshwater fishantioxidant capacityimmune responseintestinal microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Zixin Yang Qiuwen Su Jiafa Yang Zhijun Li Shanren Lan Xu Jia Paihuai Ouyang Huijuan Tang Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Animals tantibiotic substitutes carnivorous freshwater fish antioxidant capacity immune response intestinal microbiota |
| title | Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_full | Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_short | Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_sort | effects of dietary tea polyphenols on the growth antioxidant status immune function and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass i micropterus salmoides i |
| topic | tantibiotic substitutes carnivorous freshwater fish antioxidant capacity immune response intestinal microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/222 |
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