Unveiling the Potency of Gardenia Extract Against <i>H. pylori</i>: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Background and aim: <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> (<i>G. jasminoides</i>) could treat various inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of <i>G. jasminoides</i> fruit extract on gastric inflammation and protective mechanisms in <i>Heli...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/92 |
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| Summary: | Background and aim: <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> (<i>G. jasminoides</i>) could treat various inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of <i>G. jasminoides</i> fruit extract on gastric inflammation and protective mechanisms in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>)-induced gastritis. Experimental procedure<i>: G. jasminoides</i> fruit extract was prepared and analyzed for geniposide content. The inhibitory effect of the extract on <i>H. pylori</i> growth was investigated using the disk diffusion method. The in vitro anti-inflammatory property of the extract was evaluated using the erythrocyte membrane stabilization method. Thirty-five male Sprague–Dawley rats were inoculated with <i>H. pylori</i> (10<sup>8</sup>–10<sup>10</sup> colony-forming unit/mL) and divided into five groups. Each group was treated with various doses of the extract (98–395 mg/kg). The serum and stomach tissue of the rats were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Results and conclusions: The geniposide content in the dried extract was 8.12% ± 0.79% by dry weight. The inhibition zone was observed at the extract ≥ 1.97 mg/disk, and the extract presented anti-inflammatory potential. The <i>H. pylori</i>-inoculated rats had a significant increase in serum interleukin (IL)-17, IL-33, and gastric epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels and a significant decrease in serum prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> level (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in conjunction with the development of gastric inflammation on histopathology. The treatment of the extract could significantly decrease the serum IL-17, IL-33, and gastric EGF levels, significantly increase the serum PGE<sub>2</sub> level (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and improve gastric histopathology. Thus, <i>G. jasminoides</i> fruit extract attenuated <i>H. pylori</i>-induced gastritis by inhibiting bacterial growth, reducing inflammation, and enhancing protective mechanisms. |
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| ISSN: | 2227-9059 |