Reference Intervals (RIs) of the Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Children and Adolescents: A Proposal for Effective Use
Background/Objectives: Bone turnover markers (BTMs) can provide information on the bone growth of apparently healthy children and adolescents or useful results in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease condition, comparing them with appropriate reference intervals (RIs). The aim of this study w...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/34 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832589026663596032 |
|---|---|
| author | Vincenzo Brescia Roberto Lovero Antonietta Fontana Roberta Zerlotin Silvia Concetta Colucci Maria Grano Angela Pia Cazzolla Francesca Di Serio Vito Crincoli Maria Felicia Faienza |
| author_facet | Vincenzo Brescia Roberto Lovero Antonietta Fontana Roberta Zerlotin Silvia Concetta Colucci Maria Grano Angela Pia Cazzolla Francesca Di Serio Vito Crincoli Maria Felicia Faienza |
| author_sort | Vincenzo Brescia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: Bone turnover markers (BTMs) can provide information on the bone growth of apparently healthy children and adolescents or useful results in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease condition, comparing them with appropriate reference intervals (RIs). The aim of this study was to establish the RI for the BTM [specific bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), carboxy-terminal cross-linked collagen type I telopeptide (CTX), N-terminal propeptide pro-collagen type I (PINP), osteocalcin (OC), resistant to acid tartrate phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAcP-5b)] on serum samples from children and adolescents. Method: 202 samples from children and adolescents (ages 1–18 years) (51.48% male), considered apparently healthy. The biomarker was analyzed on automatic immunometric equipment (TGSTA Technogenetics) and the IDS-iSYS automated system kits The RI of the studied parameters was calculated according to CLSI Guideline C28-A3 with stratification by age and sex. Evaluation of the distribution of values and the meaning of the biomarker concentrations were used to calculate general and specific RI for an age group. Results: BTM concentrations vary with pubertal growth. The pattern of change differs for each bone marker. General and age-specific RI were calculated: 1–14 years, 15–18 years for BALP and CTX; 1–13 years, 14–18 years for Oc and PINP and 1–12 years, 13–18 years for TRAcP. Discussion and Conclusions: Concentrations for biomarker studied vary with age and gender. The proof of concentrations with insignificant changes until puberty led to identification of two groups of RI relating to the covariables (age and sex) for each biomarker. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1454402832f245a791cbd7f6fe903370 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-1454402832f245a791cbd7f6fe9033702025-01-24T13:23:47ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-12-011313410.3390/biomedicines13010034Reference Intervals (RIs) of the Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Children and Adolescents: A Proposal for Effective UseVincenzo Brescia0Roberto Lovero1Antonietta Fontana2Roberta Zerlotin3Silvia Concetta Colucci4Maria Grano5Angela Pia Cazzolla6Francesca Di Serio7Vito Crincoli8Maria Felicia Faienza9Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, ItalyClinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, ItalyClinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyClinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, ItalyInterdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, ItalyPediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Medical School, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, ItalyBackground/Objectives: Bone turnover markers (BTMs) can provide information on the bone growth of apparently healthy children and adolescents or useful results in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease condition, comparing them with appropriate reference intervals (RIs). The aim of this study was to establish the RI for the BTM [specific bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), carboxy-terminal cross-linked collagen type I telopeptide (CTX), N-terminal propeptide pro-collagen type I (PINP), osteocalcin (OC), resistant to acid tartrate phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAcP-5b)] on serum samples from children and adolescents. Method: 202 samples from children and adolescents (ages 1–18 years) (51.48% male), considered apparently healthy. The biomarker was analyzed on automatic immunometric equipment (TGSTA Technogenetics) and the IDS-iSYS automated system kits The RI of the studied parameters was calculated according to CLSI Guideline C28-A3 with stratification by age and sex. Evaluation of the distribution of values and the meaning of the biomarker concentrations were used to calculate general and specific RI for an age group. Results: BTM concentrations vary with pubertal growth. The pattern of change differs for each bone marker. General and age-specific RI were calculated: 1–14 years, 15–18 years for BALP and CTX; 1–13 years, 14–18 years for Oc and PINP and 1–12 years, 13–18 years for TRAcP. Discussion and Conclusions: Concentrations for biomarker studied vary with age and gender. The proof of concentrations with insignificant changes until puberty led to identification of two groups of RI relating to the covariables (age and sex) for each biomarker.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/34adolescentsbiostatisticsbone metabolism/diseaseschildren reference intervals |
| spellingShingle | Vincenzo Brescia Roberto Lovero Antonietta Fontana Roberta Zerlotin Silvia Concetta Colucci Maria Grano Angela Pia Cazzolla Francesca Di Serio Vito Crincoli Maria Felicia Faienza Reference Intervals (RIs) of the Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Children and Adolescents: A Proposal for Effective Use Biomedicines adolescents biostatistics bone metabolism/diseases children reference intervals |
| title | Reference Intervals (RIs) of the Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Children and Adolescents: A Proposal for Effective Use |
| title_full | Reference Intervals (RIs) of the Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Children and Adolescents: A Proposal for Effective Use |
| title_fullStr | Reference Intervals (RIs) of the Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Children and Adolescents: A Proposal for Effective Use |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reference Intervals (RIs) of the Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Children and Adolescents: A Proposal for Effective Use |
| title_short | Reference Intervals (RIs) of the Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) in Children and Adolescents: A Proposal for Effective Use |
| title_sort | reference intervals ris of the bone turnover markers btms in children and adolescents a proposal for effective use |
| topic | adolescents biostatistics bone metabolism/diseases children reference intervals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/34 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vincenzobrescia referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT robertolovero referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT antoniettafontana referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT robertazerlotin referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT silviaconcettacolucci referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT mariagrano referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT angelapiacazzolla referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT francescadiserio referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT vitocrincoli referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse AT mariafeliciafaienza referenceintervalsrisoftheboneturnovermarkersbtmsinchildrenandadolescentsaproposalforeffectiveuse |