A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): Spectroscopically Complete Census of Obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at z = 4–6
We present a stringent measurement of the dust-obscured star formation rate density (SFRD) at z = 4–6 from the ASPIRE JWST Cycle-1 medium and ALMA Cycle-9 large program. We obtained JWST/NIRCam grism spectroscopy and ALMA 1.2 mm continuum map along 25 independent quasar sightlines, covering a total...
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| author | Fengwu Sun Feige Wang Jinyi Yang Jaclyn B. Champagne Roberto Decarli Xiaohui Fan Eduardo Bañados Zheng Cai Luis Colina Eiichi Egami Joseph F. Hennawi Xiangyu Jin Hyunsung D. Jun Yana Khusanova Mingyu Li Zihao Li Xiaojing Lin Weizhe Liu Romain A. Meyer Maria A. Pudoka George H. Rieke Yue Shen Wei Leong Tee Bram Venemans Fabian Walter Yunjing Wu Huanian Zhang Siwei Zou |
| author_facet | Fengwu Sun Feige Wang Jinyi Yang Jaclyn B. Champagne Roberto Decarli Xiaohui Fan Eduardo Bañados Zheng Cai Luis Colina Eiichi Egami Joseph F. Hennawi Xiangyu Jin Hyunsung D. Jun Yana Khusanova Mingyu Li Zihao Li Xiaojing Lin Weizhe Liu Romain A. Meyer Maria A. Pudoka George H. Rieke Yue Shen Wei Leong Tee Bram Venemans Fabian Walter Yunjing Wu Huanian Zhang Siwei Zou |
| author_sort | Fengwu Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a stringent measurement of the dust-obscured star formation rate density (SFRD) at z = 4–6 from the ASPIRE JWST Cycle-1 medium and ALMA Cycle-9 large program. We obtained JWST/NIRCam grism spectroscopy and ALMA 1.2 mm continuum map along 25 independent quasar sightlines, covering a total survey area of ∼35 arcmin ^2 where we search for dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z = 0–7. We identify eight DSFGs in seven fields at z = 4–6 through the detection of H α or [O iii ] λ 5008 lines, including fainter lines such as H β , [O iii ] λ 4960, [N ii ] λ 6585, and [S ii ] λλ 6718,6733 for six sources. With this spectroscopically complete DSFG sample at z = 4–6 and negligible impact from cosmic variance (shot noise), we measure the infrared luminosity function (IRLF) down to L _IR ∼ 2 × 10 ^11 L _⊙ . We find flattening of IRLF at z = 4–6 towards the faint end (power-law slope $\alpha =0.5{9}_{-0.45}^{+0.39}$ ). We determine the dust-obscured cosmic SFRD at this epoch to be $\mathrm{log}[{\rho }_{\mathrm{SFR},\mathrm{IR}}/({M}_{\odot }\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-3})]=-1.5{2}_{-0.13}^{+0.14}$ . This is significantly higher than previous determinations using ALMA data in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which is void of DSFGs at z = 4–6 because of strong cosmic variance (shot noise). We conclude that the majority (66% ± 7%) of cosmic star formation at z ∼ 5 is still obscured by dust. We also discuss the uncertainty of SFRD propagated from far-IR spectral energy distribution and IRLF at the bright end, which will need to be resolved with future ALMA and JWST observations. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-13f1a42dffcb4807b2244429ef66a9fa2025-01-30T13:07:55ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198011210.3847/1538-4357/ad9d0eA SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): Spectroscopically Complete Census of Obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at z = 4–6Fengwu Sun0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-6617Feige Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-431XJinyi Yang2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-4242Jaclyn B. Champagne3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6184-9097Roberto Decarli4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-8803Xiaohui Fan5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-0131Eduardo Bañados6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-7824Zheng Cai7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-6478Luis Colina8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-4227Eiichi Egami9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-9475Joseph F. Hennawi10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-4332Xiangyu Jin11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-738XHyunsung D. Jun12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-5901Yana Khusanova13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-397XMingyu Li14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-649XZihao Li15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5951-459XXiaojing Lin16https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6052-4234Weizhe Liu17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-7344Romain A. Meyer18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-4522Maria A. Pudoka19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4924-5941George H. Rieke20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2303-6519Yue Shen21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-7035Wei Leong Tee22https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0747-1780Bram Venemans23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-8322Fabian Walter24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4793-7880Yunjing Wu25https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-8249Huanian Zhang26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0123-9246Siwei Zou27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3983-6484Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; fengwu.sun@cfa.harvard.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAINAF–Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio , via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129, Bologna, ItalySteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAMax Planck Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaCentro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. deAjalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, SpainSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, NetherlandsSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Physics, Northwestern College , 101 7th Street SW, Orange City, IA 51041, USA; School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study , 85 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of KoreaMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) , Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USALeiden Observatory, Leiden University , Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, NetherlandsMax Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories , CAS, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaWe present a stringent measurement of the dust-obscured star formation rate density (SFRD) at z = 4–6 from the ASPIRE JWST Cycle-1 medium and ALMA Cycle-9 large program. We obtained JWST/NIRCam grism spectroscopy and ALMA 1.2 mm continuum map along 25 independent quasar sightlines, covering a total survey area of ∼35 arcmin ^2 where we search for dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z = 0–7. We identify eight DSFGs in seven fields at z = 4–6 through the detection of H α or [O iii ] λ 5008 lines, including fainter lines such as H β , [O iii ] λ 4960, [N ii ] λ 6585, and [S ii ] λλ 6718,6733 for six sources. With this spectroscopically complete DSFG sample at z = 4–6 and negligible impact from cosmic variance (shot noise), we measure the infrared luminosity function (IRLF) down to L _IR ∼ 2 × 10 ^11 L _⊙ . We find flattening of IRLF at z = 4–6 towards the faint end (power-law slope $\alpha =0.5{9}_{-0.45}^{+0.39}$ ). We determine the dust-obscured cosmic SFRD at this epoch to be $\mathrm{log}[{\rho }_{\mathrm{SFR},\mathrm{IR}}/({M}_{\odot }\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-3})]=-1.5{2}_{-0.13}^{+0.14}$ . This is significantly higher than previous determinations using ALMA data in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which is void of DSFGs at z = 4–6 because of strong cosmic variance (shot noise). We conclude that the majority (66% ± 7%) of cosmic star formation at z ∼ 5 is still obscured by dust. We also discuss the uncertainty of SFRD propagated from far-IR spectral energy distribution and IRLF at the bright end, which will need to be resolved with future ALMA and JWST observations.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9d0eJames Webb Space TelescopeStarburst galaxiesHigh-redshift galaxiesLuminous infrared galaxiesGalaxy evolution |
| spellingShingle | Fengwu Sun Feige Wang Jinyi Yang Jaclyn B. Champagne Roberto Decarli Xiaohui Fan Eduardo Bañados Zheng Cai Luis Colina Eiichi Egami Joseph F. Hennawi Xiangyu Jin Hyunsung D. Jun Yana Khusanova Mingyu Li Zihao Li Xiaojing Lin Weizhe Liu Romain A. Meyer Maria A. Pudoka George H. Rieke Yue Shen Wei Leong Tee Bram Venemans Fabian Walter Yunjing Wu Huanian Zhang Siwei Zou A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): Spectroscopically Complete Census of Obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at z = 4–6 The Astrophysical Journal James Webb Space Telescope Starburst galaxies High-redshift galaxies Luminous infrared galaxies Galaxy evolution |
| title | A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): Spectroscopically Complete Census of Obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at z = 4–6 |
| title_full | A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): Spectroscopically Complete Census of Obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at z = 4–6 |
| title_fullStr | A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): Spectroscopically Complete Census of Obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at z = 4–6 |
| title_full_unstemmed | A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): Spectroscopically Complete Census of Obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at z = 4–6 |
| title_short | A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): Spectroscopically Complete Census of Obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at z = 4–6 |
| title_sort | spectroscopic survey of biased halos in the reionization era aspire spectroscopically complete census of obscured cosmic star formation rate density at z 4 6 |
| topic | James Webb Space Telescope Starburst galaxies High-redshift galaxies Luminous infrared galaxies Galaxy evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9d0e |
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