Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission Tests
Lubricant friction modifier additives are used on lower viscosity engine oils to mitigate boundary friction. This work presents the development of a graphene-based material as an oil friction modifier additive, from formulation to actual vehicle tests. The graphene material was initially characteriz...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Eng |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/6/1/18 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588533089435648 |
|---|---|
| author | Eduardo Tomanik Wania Christinelli Pamela Sierra Garcia Scott Rajala Jesuel Crepaldi Davi Franzosi Roberto Martins Souza Fernando Fusco Rovai |
| author_facet | Eduardo Tomanik Wania Christinelli Pamela Sierra Garcia Scott Rajala Jesuel Crepaldi Davi Franzosi Roberto Martins Souza Fernando Fusco Rovai |
| author_sort | Eduardo Tomanik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lubricant friction modifier additives are used on lower viscosity engine oils to mitigate boundary friction. This work presents the development of a graphene-based material as an oil friction modifier additive, from formulation to actual vehicle tests. The graphene material was initially characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, which revealed the predominance of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with an average of nine layers. After functionalization, two GNP additive variants were initially mixed with a fully formulated SAE 0W-20 engine oil and tribologically evaluated using reciprocating sliding tests at 40 and 120 °C and Hertzian pressure up to 1.2 GPa when both variants presented friction reduction. Then, the GNP additive variant with better performance was evaluated in a vehicle emission test using a fully formulated 5W-20 SAE oil as a reference. The addition of 0.1% of GNPs reduced fuel consumption by 2.6% in urban conditions and 0.8% in highway ones. The urban test cycle was FTP75 and higher benefits of the GNP additive occurred especially on the test start, when the engine and oil were still cold and on test portions where the vehicle speed was lower. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-13c5026c224646469e6b464505d9539e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-4117 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Eng |
| spelling | doaj-art-13c5026c224646469e6b464505d9539e2025-01-24T13:31:36ZengMDPI AGEng2673-41172025-01-01611810.3390/eng6010018Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission TestsEduardo Tomanik0Wania Christinelli1Pamela Sierra Garcia2Scott Rajala3Jesuel Crepaldi4Davi Franzosi5Roberto Martins Souza6Fernando Fusco Rovai7Gerdau Graphene Brazil, São Paulo 05402-918, BrazilGerdau Graphene Brazil, São Paulo 05402-918, BrazilGerdau Graphene Brazil, São Paulo 05402-918, BrazilIdemitsu Lubricants America Corp., Jeffersonville, IN 47130, USAIdemitsu Lube South America Ltda, São Paulo 01419-001, BrazilSurface Phenomena Laboratory, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, BrazilSurface Phenomena Laboratory, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, BrazilVW do Brasil—Way to Zero Center, São Paulo 09850-901, BrazilLubricant friction modifier additives are used on lower viscosity engine oils to mitigate boundary friction. This work presents the development of a graphene-based material as an oil friction modifier additive, from formulation to actual vehicle tests. The graphene material was initially characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, which revealed the predominance of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with an average of nine layers. After functionalization, two GNP additive variants were initially mixed with a fully formulated SAE 0W-20 engine oil and tribologically evaluated using reciprocating sliding tests at 40 and 120 °C and Hertzian pressure up to 1.2 GPa when both variants presented friction reduction. Then, the GNP additive variant with better performance was evaluated in a vehicle emission test using a fully formulated 5W-20 SAE oil as a reference. The addition of 0.1% of GNPs reduced fuel consumption by 2.6% in urban conditions and 0.8% in highway ones. The urban test cycle was FTP75 and higher benefits of the GNP additive occurred especially on the test start, when the engine and oil were still cold and on test portions where the vehicle speed was lower.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/6/1/18graphenefrictionfuel economyviscosity |
| spellingShingle | Eduardo Tomanik Wania Christinelli Pamela Sierra Garcia Scott Rajala Jesuel Crepaldi Davi Franzosi Roberto Martins Souza Fernando Fusco Rovai Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission Tests Eng graphene friction fuel economy viscosity |
| title | Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission Tests |
| title_full | Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission Tests |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission Tests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission Tests |
| title_short | Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets as Lubricant Additive on Fuel Consumption During Vehicle Emission Tests |
| title_sort | effect of graphene nanoplatelets as lubricant additive on fuel consumption during vehicle emission tests |
| topic | graphene friction fuel economy viscosity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/6/1/18 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eduardotomanik effectofgraphenenanoplateletsaslubricantadditiveonfuelconsumptionduringvehicleemissiontests AT waniachristinelli effectofgraphenenanoplateletsaslubricantadditiveonfuelconsumptionduringvehicleemissiontests AT pamelasierragarcia effectofgraphenenanoplateletsaslubricantadditiveonfuelconsumptionduringvehicleemissiontests AT scottrajala effectofgraphenenanoplateletsaslubricantadditiveonfuelconsumptionduringvehicleemissiontests AT jesuelcrepaldi effectofgraphenenanoplateletsaslubricantadditiveonfuelconsumptionduringvehicleemissiontests AT davifranzosi effectofgraphenenanoplateletsaslubricantadditiveonfuelconsumptionduringvehicleemissiontests AT robertomartinssouza effectofgraphenenanoplateletsaslubricantadditiveonfuelconsumptionduringvehicleemissiontests AT fernandofuscorovai effectofgraphenenanoplateletsaslubricantadditiveonfuelconsumptionduringvehicleemissiontests |