Severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to Iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone: a case report

Objectives: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes. Both AIHA and Evans syndrome are rare, manifesting a severe clinical course, high relapse rate, and potentially fatal outcomes. Refractory AIHA shows poor responsiveness to multiple tr...

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Main Authors: Yawen Zhang, Yuemin Gong, Guangsheng He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Hematology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/16078454.2025.2548091
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author Yawen Zhang
Yuemin Gong
Guangsheng He
author_facet Yawen Zhang
Yuemin Gong
Guangsheng He
author_sort Yawen Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes. Both AIHA and Evans syndrome are rare, manifesting a severe clinical course, high relapse rate, and potentially fatal outcomes. Refractory AIHA shows poor responsiveness to multiple treatment regimens, and there is still a lack of effective treatment regimens for serious hemolytic episodes.Methods: Three refractory AIHA cases with a positive complement component C3d and hemolytic flare were treated with the oral factor B inhibitor ptacopan in conjunction with cyclophosphamide and prednisone.Results: After treatment with iptacopan plus cyclophosphamide and prednisone, all three patients showed a rapid increase in Hb levels, a decrease in reticulocyte proportion, and a significant reduction in hemolysis manifestations (Lower LDH level and unconjugated bilirubin).Conclusion: Three refractory cases of AIHA showed good therapeutic efficacy after treatment with iptacopan combined with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. These cases provide a potentially effective treatment option for severe hemolytic episodes in refractory AIHA.
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spelling doaj-art-1391b3a0b695427e9b23602cb636bd112025-08-25T13:33:27ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHematology1607-84542025-12-0130110.1080/16078454.2025.2548091Severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to Iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone: a case reportYawen Zhang0Yuemin Gong1Guangsheng He2Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaObjectives: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes. Both AIHA and Evans syndrome are rare, manifesting a severe clinical course, high relapse rate, and potentially fatal outcomes. Refractory AIHA shows poor responsiveness to multiple treatment regimens, and there is still a lack of effective treatment regimens for serious hemolytic episodes.Methods: Three refractory AIHA cases with a positive complement component C3d and hemolytic flare were treated with the oral factor B inhibitor ptacopan in conjunction with cyclophosphamide and prednisone.Results: After treatment with iptacopan plus cyclophosphamide and prednisone, all three patients showed a rapid increase in Hb levels, a decrease in reticulocyte proportion, and a significant reduction in hemolysis manifestations (Lower LDH level and unconjugated bilirubin).Conclusion: Three refractory cases of AIHA showed good therapeutic efficacy after treatment with iptacopan combined with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. These cases provide a potentially effective treatment option for severe hemolytic episodes in refractory AIHA.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/16078454.2025.2548091Autoimmune hemolytic anemiaIptacopancomplement inhibitorcomplement component C3dcase report
spellingShingle Yawen Zhang
Yuemin Gong
Guangsheng He
Severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to Iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone: a case report
Hematology
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Iptacopan
complement inhibitor
complement component C3d
case report
title Severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to Iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone: a case report
title_full Severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to Iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone: a case report
title_fullStr Severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to Iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to Iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone: a case report
title_short Severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to Iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone: a case report
title_sort severe hemolysis flare of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with positive complement component c3d responsive to iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone a case report
topic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Iptacopan
complement inhibitor
complement component C3d
case report
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/16078454.2025.2548091
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AT yuemingong severehemolysisflareofrefractoryautoimmunehemolyticanemiawithpositivecomplementcomponentc3dresponsivetoiptacopanwithcyclophosphamideandprednisoneacasereport
AT guangshenghe severehemolysisflareofrefractoryautoimmunehemolyticanemiawithpositivecomplementcomponentc3dresponsivetoiptacopanwithcyclophosphamideandprednisoneacasereport