Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of Staphylococcus aureus proteases

Extracellular proteases are a class of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors that thwart the immune system, promote nutrient acquisition, and shape the activity of virulence determinants. S. aureus displays considerable phenotypic and genotypic variation within clinically important lineages, givin...

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Main Authors: Shuxian Li, William Monteith, Emily Rudolph, Samuel K Sheppard, Maisem Laabei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virulence
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2543116
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author Shuxian Li
William Monteith
Emily Rudolph
Samuel K Sheppard
Maisem Laabei
author_facet Shuxian Li
William Monteith
Emily Rudolph
Samuel K Sheppard
Maisem Laabei
author_sort Shuxian Li
collection DOAJ
description Extracellular proteases are a class of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors that thwart the immune system, promote nutrient acquisition, and shape the activity of virulence determinants. S. aureus displays considerable phenotypic and genotypic variation within clinically important lineages, giving rise to diverse infection types. Therefore, understanding how protease expression influences pathogenicity requires consideration of the underlying genes and their regulation in natural populations. In this study we determined the protease activity of 134 USA300 S. aureus isolates from clinical infections and asymptomatic carriage. In high-throughput casein hydrolysis assays, bloodstream infection isolates had significantly lower protease activity than carriage isolates. To identify the genetic variation underlying this variation in protease expression, we employed a k-mer-based genome wide association study, identifying 68 genes with polymorphisms significantly associated with proteolytic activity. Population-scale genomic variation was compared with strains from a sequenced-defined transposon library, validating the function of 27 loci that were significantly associated with decreased protease expression. Associated genes included known protease-regulating genes, including agrA, but most were novel. These included genes linked to central metabolism, permeases, transporters, and membrane proteins. Characterizing the complexity of protease regulation and expression will enhance our fundamental understanding of S. aureus virulence which may result in improved treatment options for problematic clinical S. aureus infections.
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issn 2150-5594
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publishDate 2025-12-01
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series Virulence
spelling doaj-art-136dfeca1a434e529a88d1d2555cdedb2025-08-20T03:41:44ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082025-12-0116110.1080/21505594.2025.2543116Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of Staphylococcus aureus proteasesShuxian Li0William Monteith1Emily Rudolph2Samuel K Sheppard3Maisem Laabei4Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UKIneos Oxford Institute, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UKIneos Oxford Institute, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UKExtracellular proteases are a class of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors that thwart the immune system, promote nutrient acquisition, and shape the activity of virulence determinants. S. aureus displays considerable phenotypic and genotypic variation within clinically important lineages, giving rise to diverse infection types. Therefore, understanding how protease expression influences pathogenicity requires consideration of the underlying genes and their regulation in natural populations. In this study we determined the protease activity of 134 USA300 S. aureus isolates from clinical infections and asymptomatic carriage. In high-throughput casein hydrolysis assays, bloodstream infection isolates had significantly lower protease activity than carriage isolates. To identify the genetic variation underlying this variation in protease expression, we employed a k-mer-based genome wide association study, identifying 68 genes with polymorphisms significantly associated with proteolytic activity. Population-scale genomic variation was compared with strains from a sequenced-defined transposon library, validating the function of 27 loci that were significantly associated with decreased protease expression. Associated genes included known protease-regulating genes, including agrA, but most were novel. These included genes linked to central metabolism, permeases, transporters, and membrane proteins. Characterizing the complexity of protease regulation and expression will enhance our fundamental understanding of S. aureus virulence which may result in improved treatment options for problematic clinical S. aureus infections.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2543116Staphylococcus aureusprotease expressionGWASvirulencepathogenicity
spellingShingle Shuxian Li
William Monteith
Emily Rudolph
Samuel K Sheppard
Maisem Laabei
Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of Staphylococcus aureus proteases
Virulence
Staphylococcus aureus
protease expression
GWAS
virulence
pathogenicity
title Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of Staphylococcus aureus proteases
title_full Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of Staphylococcus aureus proteases
title_fullStr Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of Staphylococcus aureus proteases
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of Staphylococcus aureus proteases
title_short Genome-wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of Staphylococcus aureus proteases
title_sort genome wide association analysis provides insights into the genomics and extracellular expression of staphylococcus aureus proteases
topic Staphylococcus aureus
protease expression
GWAS
virulence
pathogenicity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2543116
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AT samuelksheppard genomewideassociationanalysisprovidesinsightsintothegenomicsandextracellularexpressionofstaphylococcusaureusproteases
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