Distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of Asan Wetland through periphyton -a water quality indicator
The Asan Wetland is an important freshwater wetland in Uttarakhand’s Dehradun district. It is known for its diverse flora and fauna and as a stopover for migratory birds. Periphyton, an essential biological component of aquatic ecosystems, serves as a bioindicator of water quality and ecosystem inte...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvc.2025.1529439/full |
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| author | Sazia Tabassum C. B. Kotnala A. K. Dobriyal Mohammed Salman Richa Bamola |
| author_facet | Sazia Tabassum C. B. Kotnala A. K. Dobriyal Mohammed Salman Richa Bamola |
| author_sort | Sazia Tabassum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Asan Wetland is an important freshwater wetland in Uttarakhand’s Dehradun district. It is known for its diverse flora and fauna and as a stopover for migratory birds. Periphyton, an essential biological component of aquatic ecosystems, serves as a bioindicator of water quality and ecosystem integrity. This study fills a gap in our knowledge of the Asan Wetland’s ecological health by analyzing periphyton populations and a number of physicochemical characteristics across three selected sites from November 2021 to October 2023. Selected sites named as Site 1(S1), Site 2(S2), Site 3 (S3). Monthly variations in parameters such as water temperature, pH, turbidity, transparency, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness, alkalinity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nutrients were collected, identified and assessed using Ms-excel and Past software. Phosphorus levels in the Asan Wetland indicated a moderate to high nutrient load, peaking in August (1.20–1.25 mg/L) across all three sites and dropping to their lowest in January (0.35–0.65 mg/L). Nitrate levels were moderate, with the highest concentrations in December (1.40–1.55 mg/L) and the lowest in July (0.25–0.35 mg/L), showing similar seasonal patterns across sites. The periphyton was represented in this study by 18 different periphytic taxa that belong to three different classes. These classes include Bacillariophyceae (Cymbella, Navicula, Nitzschia, Fragilaria Meridion, Synedra, Gomphonema, Tabellaria, and Diatoma), members of the Chlorophyceae Ulothrix, Spirogyra, Cosmarium, Microspora, Chlorella, Oedogomium, Zygnema, and Cladophora are, while Phormidium is a member of the Cyanophyceae. The peak periphytic density (individuals/cm2) recorded was 322.67 ± 89.08 × 103 in January, with all three classes exhibiting maximum values at S3, the minimum periphytic density (individuals/cm2) recorded was 18 ± 5.57 × 10³ in August. The annual percentage composition of periphytic flora in the Asan wetland over 2 years indicates that Bacillariophyceae constituted the predominant group (89%–90%), succeeded by Chlorophyceae (7%–9%) and Cyanophyceae or Myxophyceae (1%–4%) across three sites. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of periphyton among different sites during both years of the study suggested that S3 was more diverse, followed by S1 and S2, represented 64.93%, 35.07% of the variance with eigenvalues of 0.01794, 0.00968 respectively. PCA suggested that PC1 and PC2 were represented by 93.98% and 6.015% of the variance with eigenvalues 279.149 and 17.8675, respectively The multivariate cluster analysis showed the similarity of periphyton at three different sites during the 2-year study. The findings of this study emphasize the need for targeted management strategies to maintain the ecological health of the Asan Wetland. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-131264a374cc476084a90d97d1ccffc1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-4486 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-131264a374cc476084a90d97d1ccffc12025-02-05T07:32:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry2673-44862025-02-01610.3389/fenvc.2025.15294391529439Distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of Asan Wetland through periphyton -a water quality indicatorSazia Tabassum0C. B. Kotnala1A. K. Dobriyal2Mohammed Salman3Richa Bamola4Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Pauri, Uttarakhand, IndiaEcology Lab, Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Pauri, Uttarakhand, IndiaEcology Lab, Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Pauri, Uttarakhand, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia University, New Delhi, IndiaEcology Lab, Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Pauri, Uttarakhand, IndiaThe Asan Wetland is an important freshwater wetland in Uttarakhand’s Dehradun district. It is known for its diverse flora and fauna and as a stopover for migratory birds. Periphyton, an essential biological component of aquatic ecosystems, serves as a bioindicator of water quality and ecosystem integrity. This study fills a gap in our knowledge of the Asan Wetland’s ecological health by analyzing periphyton populations and a number of physicochemical characteristics across three selected sites from November 2021 to October 2023. Selected sites named as Site 1(S1), Site 2(S2), Site 3 (S3). Monthly variations in parameters such as water temperature, pH, turbidity, transparency, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness, alkalinity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nutrients were collected, identified and assessed using Ms-excel and Past software. Phosphorus levels in the Asan Wetland indicated a moderate to high nutrient load, peaking in August (1.20–1.25 mg/L) across all three sites and dropping to their lowest in January (0.35–0.65 mg/L). Nitrate levels were moderate, with the highest concentrations in December (1.40–1.55 mg/L) and the lowest in July (0.25–0.35 mg/L), showing similar seasonal patterns across sites. The periphyton was represented in this study by 18 different periphytic taxa that belong to three different classes. These classes include Bacillariophyceae (Cymbella, Navicula, Nitzschia, Fragilaria Meridion, Synedra, Gomphonema, Tabellaria, and Diatoma), members of the Chlorophyceae Ulothrix, Spirogyra, Cosmarium, Microspora, Chlorella, Oedogomium, Zygnema, and Cladophora are, while Phormidium is a member of the Cyanophyceae. The peak periphytic density (individuals/cm2) recorded was 322.67 ± 89.08 × 103 in January, with all three classes exhibiting maximum values at S3, the minimum periphytic density (individuals/cm2) recorded was 18 ± 5.57 × 10³ in August. The annual percentage composition of periphytic flora in the Asan wetland over 2 years indicates that Bacillariophyceae constituted the predominant group (89%–90%), succeeded by Chlorophyceae (7%–9%) and Cyanophyceae or Myxophyceae (1%–4%) across three sites. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of periphyton among different sites during both years of the study suggested that S3 was more diverse, followed by S1 and S2, represented 64.93%, 35.07% of the variance with eigenvalues of 0.01794, 0.00968 respectively. PCA suggested that PC1 and PC2 were represented by 93.98% and 6.015% of the variance with eigenvalues 279.149 and 17.8675, respectively The multivariate cluster analysis showed the similarity of periphyton at three different sites during the 2-year study. The findings of this study emphasize the need for targeted management strategies to maintain the ecological health of the Asan Wetland.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvc.2025.1529439/fullAsan Wetlandecosystem conservation strategiesnutrient dynamicsperiphyton communitiesramsar sitewater quality bioindicators |
| spellingShingle | Sazia Tabassum C. B. Kotnala A. K. Dobriyal Mohammed Salman Richa Bamola Distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of Asan Wetland through periphyton -a water quality indicator Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry Asan Wetland ecosystem conservation strategies nutrient dynamics periphyton communities ramsar site water quality bioindicators |
| title | Distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of Asan Wetland through periphyton -a water quality indicator |
| title_full | Distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of Asan Wetland through periphyton -a water quality indicator |
| title_fullStr | Distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of Asan Wetland through periphyton -a water quality indicator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of Asan Wetland through periphyton -a water quality indicator |
| title_short | Distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of Asan Wetland through periphyton -a water quality indicator |
| title_sort | distribution and dynamics for the ecological assessment of asan wetland through periphyton a water quality indicator |
| topic | Asan Wetland ecosystem conservation strategies nutrient dynamics periphyton communities ramsar site water quality bioindicators |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvc.2025.1529439/full |
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