Digital Health Solutions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Systematic Review
BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health issue, with approximately 70% of cases linked to modifiable risk factors. Digital health solutions offer potential for CVD prevention; yet, their effectiveness in covering the full range of prevention strategies...
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JMIR Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medical Internet Research |
| Online Access: | https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e64981 |
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| author | Yihan Qi Emma Mohamad Arina Anis Azlan Chenglin Zhang Yilian Ma Anqi Wu |
| author_facet | Yihan Qi Emma Mohamad Arina Anis Azlan Chenglin Zhang Yilian Ma Anqi Wu |
| author_sort | Yihan Qi |
| collection | DOAJ |
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BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health issue, with approximately 70% of cases linked to modifiable risk factors. Digital health solutions offer potential for CVD prevention; yet, their effectiveness in covering the full range of prevention strategies is uncertain.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to synthesize current literature on digital solutions for CVD prevention, identify the key components of effective digital interventions, and highlight critical research gaps to inform the development of sustainable strategies for CVD prevention.
MethodsFollowing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed to identify original English-language studies published between January 2000 and May 2024 that examined primary or secondary CVD prevention through digital solutions. The exclusion criteria included: telephone-only interventions, abstract-only publications, methodology-focused studies without primary data, studies without participants or specific groups, and studies with no follow-up period. The literature search used the string with terms like “digital health,” “mHealth,” “mobile health,” “text message,” “short message service,” “SMS,” “prevention,” “prevent,” “cardiovascular disease,” “CVD,” etc. Study bias was assessed using the RoB 2 (Cochrane Collaboration) and the ROBINS-I tool (Cochrane Collaboration). Data on prevention components, prevention types, study design, population, intervention, follow-up duration, personnel, and delivery settings were extracted.
ResultsA total of 2871 studies were identified through the search. After excluding ineligible studies, 30 studies remained, including 24 randomized controlled trials. The reviewed digital solutions for CVD prevention focused on baseline assessment (29/30, 97%), physical activity counseling (18/30, 60%), tobacco cessation (14/30, 47%), blood pressure management (13/30, 43%), and medication adherence (10/30, 33%). The technologies used were categorized into 3 types, smartphones and wearables (16/30, 53%), email and SMS communications (12/30, 40%), and websites or web portals (3/30, 10%). The majority of the study outcomes addressed blood pressure (14/30, 47%), exercise capacity (12/30, 40%), weight (12/30, 40%), and lipid profile (11/30, 37%), while fewer focused on nicotine dependence (9/30, 30%), medication use (8/30, 27%), quality of life (7/30, 23%), dietary habits (5/30, 17%), intervention adherence (4/30, 13%), waist circumference (4/30, 13%), and blood glucose levels (2/30, 7%).
ConclusionsDigital solutions can address challenges in traditional CVD prevention by improving preventive behaviors and monitoring health indicators. However, most evaluated interventions have focused on medication use, quality of life, dietary habits, adherence, and waist circumference. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of more comprehensive interventions on key cardiovascular outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-12c7f596f7b44e499bd674ee44532c8f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1438-8871 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Medical Internet Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-12c7f596f7b44e499bd674ee44532c8f2025-01-23T16:00:50ZengJMIR PublicationsJournal of Medical Internet Research1438-88712025-01-0127e6498110.2196/64981Digital Health Solutions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Systematic ReviewYihan Qihttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6340-298XEmma Mohamadhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6076-9223Arina Anis Azlanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5484-1188Chenglin Zhanghttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-1669-573XYilian Mahttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-7743-5243Anqi Wuhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6883-9603 BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health issue, with approximately 70% of cases linked to modifiable risk factors. Digital health solutions offer potential for CVD prevention; yet, their effectiveness in covering the full range of prevention strategies is uncertain. ObjectiveThis study aimed to synthesize current literature on digital solutions for CVD prevention, identify the key components of effective digital interventions, and highlight critical research gaps to inform the development of sustainable strategies for CVD prevention. MethodsFollowing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed to identify original English-language studies published between January 2000 and May 2024 that examined primary or secondary CVD prevention through digital solutions. The exclusion criteria included: telephone-only interventions, abstract-only publications, methodology-focused studies without primary data, studies without participants or specific groups, and studies with no follow-up period. The literature search used the string with terms like “digital health,” “mHealth,” “mobile health,” “text message,” “short message service,” “SMS,” “prevention,” “prevent,” “cardiovascular disease,” “CVD,” etc. Study bias was assessed using the RoB 2 (Cochrane Collaboration) and the ROBINS-I tool (Cochrane Collaboration). Data on prevention components, prevention types, study design, population, intervention, follow-up duration, personnel, and delivery settings were extracted. ResultsA total of 2871 studies were identified through the search. After excluding ineligible studies, 30 studies remained, including 24 randomized controlled trials. The reviewed digital solutions for CVD prevention focused on baseline assessment (29/30, 97%), physical activity counseling (18/30, 60%), tobacco cessation (14/30, 47%), blood pressure management (13/30, 43%), and medication adherence (10/30, 33%). The technologies used were categorized into 3 types, smartphones and wearables (16/30, 53%), email and SMS communications (12/30, 40%), and websites or web portals (3/30, 10%). The majority of the study outcomes addressed blood pressure (14/30, 47%), exercise capacity (12/30, 40%), weight (12/30, 40%), and lipid profile (11/30, 37%), while fewer focused on nicotine dependence (9/30, 30%), medication use (8/30, 27%), quality of life (7/30, 23%), dietary habits (5/30, 17%), intervention adherence (4/30, 13%), waist circumference (4/30, 13%), and blood glucose levels (2/30, 7%). ConclusionsDigital solutions can address challenges in traditional CVD prevention by improving preventive behaviors and monitoring health indicators. However, most evaluated interventions have focused on medication use, quality of life, dietary habits, adherence, and waist circumference. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term impact of more comprehensive interventions on key cardiovascular outcomes.https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e64981 |
| spellingShingle | Yihan Qi Emma Mohamad Arina Anis Azlan Chenglin Zhang Yilian Ma Anqi Wu Digital Health Solutions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Systematic Review Journal of Medical Internet Research |
| title | Digital Health Solutions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Systematic Review |
| title_full | Digital Health Solutions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Digital Health Solutions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Digital Health Solutions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Systematic Review |
| title_short | Digital Health Solutions for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Systematic Review |
| title_sort | digital health solutions for cardiovascular disease prevention systematic review |
| url | https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e64981 |
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