Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji Katalończyków

Two identities coexisted and competed among Catalans: some considered themselves a regional variant of the Spanish nation, while others claimed to represent a separate nation. While four decades ago the first orientation prevailed, today the second attitude is more common. National identity has l...

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Main Author: Roman Szul
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne 2023-11-01
Series:Przegląd Geopolityczny
Subjects:
Online Access:https://przeglad.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/XLVI-05-Szul.pdf
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author Roman Szul
author_facet Roman Szul
author_sort Roman Szul
collection DOAJ
description Two identities coexisted and competed among Catalans: some considered themselves a regional variant of the Spanish nation, while others claimed to represent a separate nation. While four decades ago the first orientation prevailed, today the second attitude is more common. National identity has largely replaced ethno-regional identity. Catalans distinguish between the concepts of "nation" and "state," according to which there can be a nation without a state as well as a nationality residing in more than one state, while mostly in Western Europe these concepts are not distinguished: states are nations and nations without a state do not exist. The European Union was built on the basis of this very formal-political definition of a nation. Nations without a state in the EU have been "crammed" into the category of ethnic groups, which the EU does not deal with, or into the category of regions completely dependent on the states on whose territory they are located. Having changed the identity of the Catalans, it is difficult to "cram" them into the category of an ethnic group, so they have become a problem for the European Union. The purpose of this article is to explain the situation that has led to a contradiction between the rule of law and the principle of democracy in the EU. The rule of law was the basis for the EU institutions' ignoring the Catalan declaration of independence in 2017, but on the other hand, the concern for democracy resulted in the refusal to surrender to Spain the Catalan leaders who were on EU territory and were being prosecuted by the Spanish authorities.
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spelling doaj-art-12a67e41a5dd46bd96f154d088e42c7c2025-02-03T12:02:22ZdeuPolskie Towarzystwo GeopolitycznePrzegląd Geopolityczny2080-88362023-11-014687103Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji KatalończykówRoman Szul0Uniwersytet WarszawskiTwo identities coexisted and competed among Catalans: some considered themselves a regional variant of the Spanish nation, while others claimed to represent a separate nation. While four decades ago the first orientation prevailed, today the second attitude is more common. National identity has largely replaced ethno-regional identity. Catalans distinguish between the concepts of "nation" and "state," according to which there can be a nation without a state as well as a nationality residing in more than one state, while mostly in Western Europe these concepts are not distinguished: states are nations and nations without a state do not exist. The European Union was built on the basis of this very formal-political definition of a nation. Nations without a state in the EU have been "crammed" into the category of ethnic groups, which the EU does not deal with, or into the category of regions completely dependent on the states on whose territory they are located. Having changed the identity of the Catalans, it is difficult to "cram" them into the category of an ethnic group, so they have become a problem for the European Union. The purpose of this article is to explain the situation that has led to a contradiction between the rule of law and the principle of democracy in the EU. The rule of law was the basis for the EU institutions' ignoring the Catalan declaration of independence in 2017, but on the other hand, the concern for democracy resulted in the refusal to surrender to Spain the Catalan leaders who were on EU territory and were being prosecuted by the Spanish authorities. https://przeglad.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/XLVI-05-Szul.pdfcatalansdemocracyeunationnational identityrule of lawspainstate
spellingShingle Roman Szul
Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji Katalończyków
Przegląd Geopolityczny
catalans
democracy
eu
nation
national identity
rule of law
spain
state
title Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji Katalończyków
title_full Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji Katalończyków
title_fullStr Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji Katalończyków
title_full_unstemmed Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji Katalończyków
title_short Unia Europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji Katalończyków
title_sort unia europejska wobec narodowych aspiracji katalonczykow
topic catalans
democracy
eu
nation
national identity
rule of law
spain
state
url https://przeglad.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/XLVI-05-Szul.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT romanszul uniaeuropejskawobecnarodowychaspiracjikatalonczykow