Histology Assessment of Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds Incorporated with CaO Nanoparticles
Scaffolds for regenerative therapy can be made from natural or synthetic polymers, each offering distinct benefits. Natural biopolymers like chitosan (CS) are biocompatible and biodegradable, supporting cell interactions, but lack mechanical strength. Synthetic polymers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Carlos David Grande-Tovar Jorge Ivan Castro Castro Lemy Vanessa Barba-Rosado Paula A. Zapata Daniel Insuasty Carlos-Humberto Valencia-Llano |
| author_facet | Carlos David Grande-Tovar Jorge Ivan Castro Castro Lemy Vanessa Barba-Rosado Paula A. Zapata Daniel Insuasty Carlos-Humberto Valencia-Llano |
| author_sort | Carlos David Grande-Tovar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scaffolds for regenerative therapy can be made from natural or synthetic polymers, each offering distinct benefits. Natural biopolymers like chitosan (CS) are biocompatible and biodegradable, supporting cell interactions, but lack mechanical strength. Synthetic polymers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) provide superior mechanical strength and cost efficiency but are not biodegradable or supportive of cell adhesion. Combining these polymers optimizes their advantages while adding metal oxide nanoparticles like calcium oxide (CaO NPs) enhances antimicrobial properties by damaging bacterial membranes. In this study, we obtained the formation of CaO NPs by calcinating eggshells, which were mixed in a polymeric network of CS and PVA to obtain four different membrane formulations for subdermal tissue regeneration. The spherical nanoparticles measured 13.43 ± 0.46 nm in size. Their incorporation into the membranes broadened the hydroxyl bands in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis at 3331 cm⁻<sup>1</sup>. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed changes in the crystalline structure, with new diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 7.2° for formulations F2, F3, and F4, likely due to the increased amorphous nature and concentration of CaO NPs. Additionally, higher CaO NPs concentrations led to a reduction in thermal properties and crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a heterogeneous morphology with needle-like structures on the surface, resulting from the uniform dispersion of CaO NPs among the polymer chains and the solvent evaporation process. A histological examination of the implanted membranes after 60 days indicated their biocompatibility and biodegradability, facilitated by incorporating CaO NPs. During the degradation process, the material fragmented and was absorbed by inflammatory cells, which promoted the proliferation of collagen fibers and blood vessels. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating CaO NPs in soft tissue regeneration scaffolds. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-1285bff59af845058c63b7d475043f012025-01-24T13:43:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130227610.3390/molecules30020276Histology Assessment of Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds Incorporated with CaO NanoparticlesCarlos David Grande-Tovar0Jorge Ivan Castro Castro1Lemy Vanessa Barba-Rosado2Paula A. Zapata3Daniel Insuasty4Carlos-Humberto Valencia-Llano5Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, ColombiaTribology, Polymers, Powder Metallurgy and Solid Waste Transformations Research Group, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 760001, ColombiaGrupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, ColombiaGrupo de Polímeros, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, ChileDepartamento de Química y Biología, División de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, ColombiaGrupo Biomateriales Dentales, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00, Cali 760001, ColombiaScaffolds for regenerative therapy can be made from natural or synthetic polymers, each offering distinct benefits. Natural biopolymers like chitosan (CS) are biocompatible and biodegradable, supporting cell interactions, but lack mechanical strength. Synthetic polymers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) provide superior mechanical strength and cost efficiency but are not biodegradable or supportive of cell adhesion. Combining these polymers optimizes their advantages while adding metal oxide nanoparticles like calcium oxide (CaO NPs) enhances antimicrobial properties by damaging bacterial membranes. In this study, we obtained the formation of CaO NPs by calcinating eggshells, which were mixed in a polymeric network of CS and PVA to obtain four different membrane formulations for subdermal tissue regeneration. The spherical nanoparticles measured 13.43 ± 0.46 nm in size. Their incorporation into the membranes broadened the hydroxyl bands in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis at 3331 cm⁻<sup>1</sup>. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed changes in the crystalline structure, with new diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 7.2° for formulations F2, F3, and F4, likely due to the increased amorphous nature and concentration of CaO NPs. Additionally, higher CaO NPs concentrations led to a reduction in thermal properties and crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a heterogeneous morphology with needle-like structures on the surface, resulting from the uniform dispersion of CaO NPs among the polymer chains and the solvent evaporation process. A histological examination of the implanted membranes after 60 days indicated their biocompatibility and biodegradability, facilitated by incorporating CaO NPs. During the degradation process, the material fragmented and was absorbed by inflammatory cells, which promoted the proliferation of collagen fibers and blood vessels. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating CaO NPs in soft tissue regeneration scaffolds.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/276biocompatiblechitosancalcium oxide nanoparticlessubdermal tissue regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Carlos David Grande-Tovar Jorge Ivan Castro Castro Lemy Vanessa Barba-Rosado Paula A. Zapata Daniel Insuasty Carlos-Humberto Valencia-Llano Histology Assessment of Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds Incorporated with CaO Nanoparticles Molecules biocompatible chitosan calcium oxide nanoparticles subdermal tissue regeneration |
| title | Histology Assessment of Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds Incorporated with CaO Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Histology Assessment of Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds Incorporated with CaO Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Histology Assessment of Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds Incorporated with CaO Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Histology Assessment of Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds Incorporated with CaO Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Histology Assessment of Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds Incorporated with CaO Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | histology assessment of chitosan polyvinyl alcohol scaffolds incorporated with cao nanoparticles |
| topic | biocompatible chitosan calcium oxide nanoparticles subdermal tissue regeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/276 |
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