Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus which has resulted in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and has infected millions of people all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 has been mutating rapidly resulting in the emergence of multiple varia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Virus Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224002132 |
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| author | Behzad Hussain Peizhe Zhao Yu Liu Bo Yang Xiaoxiong Li Zhichao Zhang Guoqiang Feng Demei Zhang Defen Lu Wu Changxin |
| author_facet | Behzad Hussain Peizhe Zhao Yu Liu Bo Yang Xiaoxiong Li Zhichao Zhang Guoqiang Feng Demei Zhang Defen Lu Wu Changxin |
| author_sort | Behzad Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus which has resulted in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and has infected millions of people all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 has been mutating rapidly resulting in the emergence of multiple variants to escape the host immune system mainly by mutations in its receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The RBD and full-length spike of SARS-CoV-2 are the main targets of the neutralizing antibodies (mainly IgGs). Many SARS-CoV-2 variants are considered to have potential to escape from the host immune system. This rapid evolution of the virus posed a great challenge regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Hence, in this study, RBD of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa and Omicron BA.1 and full-length spike of BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4/5, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 Omicron variants were used as coating antigens in an indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to check the IgG binding capability to the COVID-19 convalescent sera from patients of first wave of infection occurring in Wuhan. Our results show that the currently circulating Omicron BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5 and previous Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 do not show significant reduction in binding, while Omicron BA.3 and previous variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa, and Omicron showed a significantly reduced binding when compared to the wild-type Wuhan strain. These results indicate that the patients recovering from natural infection of early original Wuhan strain may have the potential to resist infection of current circulating variants and the vaccines using the prototype antigen may still work for newly emerged variants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1276c586bafd4909ab7adf5bf361ce72 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1872-7492 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virus Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-1276c586bafd4909ab7adf5bf361ce722025-01-29T04:59:54ZengElsevierVirus Research1872-74922025-02-01352199520Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISABehzad Hussain0Peizhe Zhao1Yu Liu2Bo Yang3Xiaoxiong Li4Zhichao Zhang5Guoqiang Feng6Demei Zhang7Defen Lu8Wu Changxin9Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Corresponding authors.Department of Blood Transfusion, Taiyuan Blood Centre, Taiyuan, ChinaShanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, ChinaShanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, ChinaShanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, ChinaShanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, Taiyuan Blood Centre, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Blood Transfusion, Taiyuan Blood Centre, Taiyuan, China; Corresponding authors.College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China; Corresponding authors.Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Corresponding authors.Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus which has resulted in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and has infected millions of people all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 has been mutating rapidly resulting in the emergence of multiple variants to escape the host immune system mainly by mutations in its receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The RBD and full-length spike of SARS-CoV-2 are the main targets of the neutralizing antibodies (mainly IgGs). Many SARS-CoV-2 variants are considered to have potential to escape from the host immune system. This rapid evolution of the virus posed a great challenge regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Hence, in this study, RBD of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa and Omicron BA.1 and full-length spike of BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4/5, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 Omicron variants were used as coating antigens in an indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to check the IgG binding capability to the COVID-19 convalescent sera from patients of first wave of infection occurring in Wuhan. Our results show that the currently circulating Omicron BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5 and previous Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 do not show significant reduction in binding, while Omicron BA.3 and previous variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa, and Omicron showed a significantly reduced binding when compared to the wild-type Wuhan strain. These results indicate that the patients recovering from natural infection of early original Wuhan strain may have the potential to resist infection of current circulating variants and the vaccines using the prototype antigen may still work for newly emerged variants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224002132SARS-CoV-2Early COVID-19Covalescent seraBinding capabilityIndirect ELISA |
| spellingShingle | Behzad Hussain Peizhe Zhao Yu Liu Bo Yang Xiaoxiong Li Zhichao Zhang Guoqiang Feng Demei Zhang Defen Lu Wu Changxin Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA Virus Research SARS-CoV-2 Early COVID-19 Covalescent sera Binding capability Indirect ELISA |
| title | Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA |
| title_full | Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA |
| title_short | Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA |
| title_sort | evaluation of igg binding capability to sars cov 2 variants in early covid 19 convalescent sera using an indirect elisa |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Early COVID-19 Covalescent sera Binding capability Indirect ELISA |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170224002132 |
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