Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathways

African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly lethal pathogen, poses a catastrophic threat to global pork production. While some commercial vaccines exist, their availability remains regional limitations. This review investigates the mechanistic interplay between ASFV and antigen-presenting cells (APCs...

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Main Authors: Penghao Lv, Zhichao Wang, Haowei Chen, Yanru Chen, Hanlin Liao, Kaiyue Wei, Shuying Lv, Min Cui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virulence
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2541711
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author Penghao Lv
Zhichao Wang
Haowei Chen
Yanru Chen
Hanlin Liao
Kaiyue Wei
Shuying Lv
Min Cui
author_facet Penghao Lv
Zhichao Wang
Haowei Chen
Yanru Chen
Hanlin Liao
Kaiyue Wei
Shuying Lv
Min Cui
author_sort Penghao Lv
collection DOAJ
description African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly lethal pathogen, poses a catastrophic threat to global pork production. While some commercial vaccines exist, their availability remains regional limitations. This review investigates the mechanistic interplay between ASFV and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), with a particular focus on viral evasion strategies that disrupt antigen presentation pathways. Although current understanding of ASFV immunology has largely focused on monocyte/macrophage infection, we provide a systematic analysis of ASFV-mediated immunosuppression across various APCs, including dendritic cells (DCs), B lymphocytes, and γδ T cells, and compare these mechanisms with those employed by other viral pathogens. Key objectives include: (1) synthesizing ASFV-induced dysregulation of antigen presentation, (2) identifying critical gaps in APC-virus interactions, and (3) guiding vaccine development priorities. By highlighting understudied DC-ASFV interplay and potential molecular targets, this work provides a strategic framework for next-generation vaccine design based on host-pathogen conflict at the antigen presentation interface.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2150-5594
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language English
publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Virulence
spelling doaj-art-11d3d5201d9c426e8d3fd053873aedb02025-08-20T04:03:12ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082025-12-0116110.1080/21505594.2025.2541711Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathwaysPenghao Lv0Zhichao Wang1Haowei Chen2Yanru Chen3Hanlin Liao4Kaiyue Wei5Shuying Lv6Min Cui7State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of English Teaching and Research Section, Dongying Vocational College, Dongying, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly lethal pathogen, poses a catastrophic threat to global pork production. While some commercial vaccines exist, their availability remains regional limitations. This review investigates the mechanistic interplay between ASFV and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), with a particular focus on viral evasion strategies that disrupt antigen presentation pathways. Although current understanding of ASFV immunology has largely focused on monocyte/macrophage infection, we provide a systematic analysis of ASFV-mediated immunosuppression across various APCs, including dendritic cells (DCs), B lymphocytes, and γδ T cells, and compare these mechanisms with those employed by other viral pathogens. Key objectives include: (1) synthesizing ASFV-induced dysregulation of antigen presentation, (2) identifying critical gaps in APC-virus interactions, and (3) guiding vaccine development priorities. By highlighting understudied DC-ASFV interplay and potential molecular targets, this work provides a strategic framework for next-generation vaccine design based on host-pathogen conflict at the antigen presentation interface.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2541711African swine feverAfrican swine fever virusantigen presentationadaptive immunityvaccines
spellingShingle Penghao Lv
Zhichao Wang
Haowei Chen
Yanru Chen
Hanlin Liao
Kaiyue Wei
Shuying Lv
Min Cui
Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathways
Virulence
African swine fever
African swine fever virus
antigen presentation
adaptive immunity
vaccines
title Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathways
title_full Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathways
title_fullStr Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathways
title_full_unstemmed Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathways
title_short Immunoevasion strategies for African swine fever virus: Modulation of antigen presentation pathways
title_sort immunoevasion strategies for african swine fever virus modulation of antigen presentation pathways
topic African swine fever
African swine fever virus
antigen presentation
adaptive immunity
vaccines
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2541711
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