Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature review
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of inflammatory brain disorders involving the central nervous system (CNS) that currently includes more than 10 distinct types of the disease. Nowadays, AE has been identified as the second most frequent cause of encephalitis after infectious etiology. Over t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Vilnius University Press
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Neurologijos seminarai |
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| Online Access: | https://www.journals.vu.lt/neurologijos_seminarai/article/view/27601 |
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| author | J. Kazlauskaitė N. Giedraitienė R. Masaitienė A. Klimašauskienė |
| author_facet | J. Kazlauskaitė N. Giedraitienė R. Masaitienė A. Klimašauskienė |
| author_sort | J. Kazlauskaitė |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of inflammatory brain disorders involving the central nervous system (CNS) that currently includes more than 10 distinct types of the disease. Nowadays, AE has been identified as the second most frequent cause of encephalitis after infectious etiology. Over the past decade, the clinical spectrum of AE has expanded, and new clinicopathological entities are increasingly being identified. Also, our understanding of disease mechanisms and treatment strategies is rapidly evolving. In clinical practice, neuronal antibodies remain the most significant diagnostic marker currently available. Prognosis of AE varies greatly depending on the subtype and the time of immunotherapy initiation. In general, AE patients respond well to immunotherapy, therefore cognitive functions might be fully or at least partially restored. Cumulative research on the AE pathogenesis has resulted in a paradigm shift in clinical decision-making for these patients. In this article, we present two clinical cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) and anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (anti-CASPR2) encephalitides and focus on the essential aspects of these conditions based on the latest scientific literature.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-11769a8848fa4842ba58006dfd5bf8b7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1392-3064 2424-5917 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Vilnius University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neurologijos seminarai |
| spelling | doaj-art-11769a8848fa4842ba58006dfd5bf8b72025-01-20T18:22:21ZengVilnius University PressNeurologijos seminarai1392-30642424-59172021-12-01253(89)10.29014/ns.2021.24Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature reviewJ. Kazlauskaitė0N. Giedraitienė 1R. Masaitienė2A. Klimašauskienė3Vilnius University, LithuaniaVilnius University, LithuaniaVilnius University, LithuaniaVilnius University, Lithuania Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of inflammatory brain disorders involving the central nervous system (CNS) that currently includes more than 10 distinct types of the disease. Nowadays, AE has been identified as the second most frequent cause of encephalitis after infectious etiology. Over the past decade, the clinical spectrum of AE has expanded, and new clinicopathological entities are increasingly being identified. Also, our understanding of disease mechanisms and treatment strategies is rapidly evolving. In clinical practice, neuronal antibodies remain the most significant diagnostic marker currently available. Prognosis of AE varies greatly depending on the subtype and the time of immunotherapy initiation. In general, AE patients respond well to immunotherapy, therefore cognitive functions might be fully or at least partially restored. Cumulative research on the AE pathogenesis has resulted in a paradigm shift in clinical decision-making for these patients. In this article, we present two clinical cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) and anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (anti-CASPR2) encephalitides and focus on the essential aspects of these conditions based on the latest scientific literature. https://www.journals.vu.lt/neurologijos_seminarai/article/view/27601autoimmune encephalitisNMDARCASPR2immunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | J. Kazlauskaitė N. Giedraitienė R. Masaitienė A. Klimašauskienė Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature review Neurologijos seminarai autoimmune encephalitis NMDAR CASPR2 immunotherapy |
| title | Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature review |
| title_full | Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature review |
| title_fullStr | Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature review |
| title_short | Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature review |
| title_sort | autoimmune encephalitis case reports of anti nmdar and anti caspr2 encephalitides and literature review |
| topic | autoimmune encephalitis NMDAR CASPR2 immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.journals.vu.lt/neurologijos_seminarai/article/view/27601 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jkazlauskaite autoimmuneencephalitiscasereportsofantinmdarandanticaspr2encephalitidesandliteraturereview AT ngiedraitiene autoimmuneencephalitiscasereportsofantinmdarandanticaspr2encephalitidesandliteraturereview AT rmasaitiene autoimmuneencephalitiscasereportsofantinmdarandanticaspr2encephalitidesandliteraturereview AT aklimasauskiene autoimmuneencephalitiscasereportsofantinmdarandanticaspr2encephalitidesandliteraturereview |