Autoimmune encephalitis: case reports of anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 encephalitides and literature review
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of inflammatory brain disorders involving the central nervous system (CNS) that currently includes more than 10 distinct types of the disease. Nowadays, AE has been identified as the second most frequent cause of encephalitis after infectious etiology. Over t...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Vilnius University Press
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Neurologijos seminarai |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.journals.vu.lt/neurologijos_seminarai/article/view/27601 |
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| Summary: | Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of inflammatory brain disorders involving the central nervous system (CNS) that currently includes more than 10 distinct types of the disease. Nowadays, AE has been identified as the second most frequent cause of encephalitis after infectious etiology. Over the past decade, the clinical spectrum of AE has expanded, and new clinicopathological entities are increasingly being identified. Also, our understanding of disease mechanisms and treatment strategies is rapidly evolving. In clinical practice, neuronal antibodies remain the most significant diagnostic marker currently available. Prognosis of AE varies greatly depending on the subtype and the time of immunotherapy initiation. In general, AE patients respond well to immunotherapy, therefore cognitive functions might be fully or at least partially restored. Cumulative research on the AE pathogenesis has resulted in a paradigm shift in clinical decision-making for these patients. In this article, we present two clinical cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) and anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (anti-CASPR2) encephalitides and focus on the essential aspects of these conditions based on the latest scientific literature.
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| ISSN: | 1392-3064 2424-5917 |