The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
In order to better understand the effect of transition metal cations on color of tourmaline, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the species, chemical state, site occupancy, and chemical environment of color-induced metal cations in colorful tourmaline samples from Minas Gerais...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Spectroscopy |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3964071 |
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| author | Ming Li Hanlie Hong Ke Yin Chaowen Wang Feng Cheng Qian Fang |
| author_facet | Ming Li Hanlie Hong Ke Yin Chaowen Wang Feng Cheng Qian Fang |
| author_sort | Ming Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to better understand the effect of transition metal cations on color of tourmaline, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the species, chemical state, site occupancy, and chemical environment of color-induced metal cations in colorful tourmaline samples from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Our results showed that the colorful tourmalines usually contained a small amount of transition metal elements, and a colorful tourmaline sample had several transition metal cations; however, the color of tourmaline resulted from the transition metal cations in the Y site of the crystal structure. The pink color of tourmaline was associated with Mn2+ in the Y site coordinating with F; the yellow color was derived from Ni2+ in the Y site binding to O; the green color was associated with Fe3+ in the Y site coordinating with O, OH, and F; the rose red color originated from Mn2+ and Ni2+ in the Y site in which Mn2+ coordinated with O and F, and Ni2+ coordinated with O; and the blue color was derived from Fe3+ and Mn2+ in the Y site in which Fe3+ binded to O, OH, and F and Mn2+ binded to F. Additionally, other transition metal cations were also observed in colorful tourmalines, but all these species occupied the Z site of the structure. In the pink and yellow samples, Fe and Cr were observed in Fe3+ and Cr3+; in the rose red sample, Fe was also found in Fe3+; in the blue sample, Cr was present in Cr3+; in the green sample, Mn, Ni, and Cu were found in Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+, respectively. The color of tourmaline was induced from the absorption of the d-d transition of transition metals in the crystal structure, as charge transfer tended to occur between cations occupying different coordination positions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-116ee4c6bdea4898b904332b0d1a5acd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-4920 2314-4939 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Journal of Spectroscopy |
| spelling | doaj-art-116ee4c6bdea4898b904332b0d1a5acd2025-02-03T01:32:45ZengWileyJournal of Spectroscopy2314-49202314-49392018-01-01201810.1155/2018/39640713964071The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron SpectroscopyMing Li0Hanlie Hong1Ke Yin2Chaowen Wang3Feng Cheng4Qian Fang5School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaGemmological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaIn order to better understand the effect of transition metal cations on color of tourmaline, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the species, chemical state, site occupancy, and chemical environment of color-induced metal cations in colorful tourmaline samples from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Our results showed that the colorful tourmalines usually contained a small amount of transition metal elements, and a colorful tourmaline sample had several transition metal cations; however, the color of tourmaline resulted from the transition metal cations in the Y site of the crystal structure. The pink color of tourmaline was associated with Mn2+ in the Y site coordinating with F; the yellow color was derived from Ni2+ in the Y site binding to O; the green color was associated with Fe3+ in the Y site coordinating with O, OH, and F; the rose red color originated from Mn2+ and Ni2+ in the Y site in which Mn2+ coordinated with O and F, and Ni2+ coordinated with O; and the blue color was derived from Fe3+ and Mn2+ in the Y site in which Fe3+ binded to O, OH, and F and Mn2+ binded to F. Additionally, other transition metal cations were also observed in colorful tourmalines, but all these species occupied the Z site of the structure. In the pink and yellow samples, Fe and Cr were observed in Fe3+ and Cr3+; in the rose red sample, Fe was also found in Fe3+; in the blue sample, Cr was present in Cr3+; in the green sample, Mn, Ni, and Cu were found in Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+, respectively. The color of tourmaline was induced from the absorption of the d-d transition of transition metals in the crystal structure, as charge transfer tended to occur between cations occupying different coordination positions.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3964071 |
| spellingShingle | Ming Li Hanlie Hong Ke Yin Chaowen Wang Feng Cheng Qian Fang The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Journal of Spectroscopy |
| title | The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
| title_full | The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
| title_short | The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | chemical states of color induced cations in tourmaline characterized by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3964071 |
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