Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines
Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants which is caused by increased synthesis and buildup of reactive oxygen species as well as a reduced ability to detoxify them. It contributes to the onset and progression of chronic inflammation, cancers, diabetes mellitus, atheroscler...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624005873 |
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| author | Sarosh Iqbal Shahida Perveen M. Iqbal Choudhary Musarrat Jabeen Shumaila Kiran Faiza Qayyum Khalid Mohammed Khan |
| author_facet | Sarosh Iqbal Shahida Perveen M. Iqbal Choudhary Musarrat Jabeen Shumaila Kiran Faiza Qayyum Khalid Mohammed Khan |
| author_sort | Sarosh Iqbal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants which is caused by increased synthesis and buildup of reactive oxygen species as well as a reduced ability to detoxify them. It contributes to the onset and progression of chronic inflammation, cancers, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, ocular disease, nephropathy, and premature aging. The molecules known as antioxidants contribute significantly to both the prevention and exaggeration of ailments. In the present study, heterocyclic ethyl esters of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines 1–25 were assessed for their antioxidant activity by employing two robust in vitro bioassays; superoxide anion, and DPPH radical scavenging assays. Cytotoxicity was also performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity on PC3 cells. Out of twenty-five, twenty-two compounds exhibited IC50 values in the range of 3.32 ± 0.08 – 167 ± 0.7 µM in superoxide anion assay. Compound 2 (IC50 = 3.32 ± 0.08 µM) remained the most potent as compared to quercetin dihydrate (IC50 = 94.1 ± 1.1 µM). Whereas, compound 10, possessing a catechol moiety was identified as an excellent dual radical scavenger. Hence, this study identified 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines ethyl esters as non-cytotoxic, potent ROS scavengers that can be studied further to treat oxidative stress and related pathologies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-10e4b369feac449fb4b87ddf933431f7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2211-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-10e4b369feac449fb4b87ddf933431f72025-01-29T05:00:33ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-01-0113101891Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidinesSarosh Iqbal0Shahida Perveen1M. Iqbal Choudhary2Musarrat Jabeen3Shumaila Kiran4Faiza Qayyum5Khalid Mohammed Khan6Department of Applied Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faislabad 38000, PakistanH. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Corresponding authors at: H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Corresponding authors at: H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.Department of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women University, Girls College Road-63100, BahawalpurDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faislabad 38000, PakistanH. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanH. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3-Constitution Avenue Sector G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan; Corresponding authors at: H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants which is caused by increased synthesis and buildup of reactive oxygen species as well as a reduced ability to detoxify them. It contributes to the onset and progression of chronic inflammation, cancers, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, ocular disease, nephropathy, and premature aging. The molecules known as antioxidants contribute significantly to both the prevention and exaggeration of ailments. In the present study, heterocyclic ethyl esters of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines 1–25 were assessed for their antioxidant activity by employing two robust in vitro bioassays; superoxide anion, and DPPH radical scavenging assays. Cytotoxicity was also performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity on PC3 cells. Out of twenty-five, twenty-two compounds exhibited IC50 values in the range of 3.32 ± 0.08 – 167 ± 0.7 µM in superoxide anion assay. Compound 2 (IC50 = 3.32 ± 0.08 µM) remained the most potent as compared to quercetin dihydrate (IC50 = 94.1 ± 1.1 µM). Whereas, compound 10, possessing a catechol moiety was identified as an excellent dual radical scavenger. Hence, this study identified 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines ethyl esters as non-cytotoxic, potent ROS scavengers that can be studied further to treat oxidative stress and related pathologies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624005873Superoxide anion radicalPyrimidinesOxidative stressAntioxidantsROS inhibition |
| spellingShingle | Sarosh Iqbal Shahida Perveen M. Iqbal Choudhary Musarrat Jabeen Shumaila Kiran Faiza Qayyum Khalid Mohammed Khan Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines Results in Chemistry Superoxide anion radical Pyrimidines Oxidative stress Antioxidants ROS inhibition |
| title | Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines |
| title_full | Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines |
| title_short | Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines |
| title_sort | antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of 2 oxo 1 2 3 4 tetrahydropyrimidines |
| topic | Superoxide anion radical Pyrimidines Oxidative stress Antioxidants ROS inhibition |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715624005873 |
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