Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev)
Background: While certain studies have demonstrated that antiviral treatment administered to index patients with influenza can mitigate the transmission within households, the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in curtailing household transmission remains to be conclusively established. Methods: A r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Virus Eradication |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024001912 |
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| author | Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti Marisa Muadchimkaew Kriangkrai Tawinprai Ornisa Issaranon Wichuda Meepholkij Pureepat Arttawejkul Apiradee Vararungzarit Onwalee Dhissayakamol Wilaiporn Preeyachit Kamonwan Soonklang Nithi Mahanonda |
| author_facet | Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti Marisa Muadchimkaew Kriangkrai Tawinprai Ornisa Issaranon Wichuda Meepholkij Pureepat Arttawejkul Apiradee Vararungzarit Onwalee Dhissayakamol Wilaiporn Preeyachit Kamonwan Soonklang Nithi Mahanonda |
| author_sort | Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: While certain studies have demonstrated that antiviral treatment administered to index patients with influenza can mitigate the transmission within households, the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in curtailing household transmission remains to be conclusively established. Methods: A retrospective study conducted from April 2021 to May 2022 across multiple centers in Thailand compared 892 individuals treated with favipiravir to 84 who received standard treatment among mild to moderate COVID-19 index patients. The study focused on the impact of favipiravir treatment in reducing household SARS-CoV-2 transmission by examining the secondary attack rate. Results: Favipiravir significantly reduced household SARS-CoV-2 transmission, comparing 1836 household contacts with favipiravir-treated index cases to 170 contacts whose index cases received standard care. Favipiravir led to a 58 % secondary attack rate, substantially lower than the 71.8 % observed with standard treatment, representing a 54 % reduction in transmission likelihood, with an odds ratio of 0.46 (95 % confidence interval [CI] [0.23–0.89]). Index cases treated with favipiravir also demonstrated a relative risk reduction of 0.19 in transmission (95 % CI [0.11–0.27]). Remarkably, favipiravir effectiveness was most notable in unvaccinated index cases, those with symptomatic infections, individuals living in shared spaces like dormitories, flats, or apartments, and those not adhering to mask-wearing within their households. Conclusions: Favipiravir has demonstrated in this study an indirect role in reducing household SARS-CoV-2 transmission, showing notable efficacy in symptomatic and unvaccinated index cases. This breakthrough highlights its potential in broader public health strategies. Exploring the roles and challenges of other anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents remains a vital goal in ongoing research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-104027347d434bca977f7109ece306c9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2055-6640 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Virus Eradication |
| spelling | doaj-art-104027347d434bca977f7109ece306c92025-01-27T04:21:50ZengElsevierJournal of Virus Eradication2055-66402024-12-01104100576Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev)Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti0Marisa Muadchimkaew1Kriangkrai Tawinprai2Ornisa Issaranon3Wichuda Meepholkij4Pureepat Arttawejkul5Apiradee Vararungzarit6Onwalee Dhissayakamol7Wilaiporn Preeyachit8Kamonwan Soonklang9Nithi Mahanonda10Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand; Infection Control Unit, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand; Corresponding author. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.Infection Control Unit, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, ThailandDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, ThailandBang Pa-in Hospital, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, ThailandBang Pa-in Hospital, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, ThailandDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University Hospital, Chonburi, ThailandDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Burapha University Hospital, Chonburi, ThailandThainakarin Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandChulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, ThailandChulabhorn Learning and Research Centre, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, ThailandChulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, ThailandBackground: While certain studies have demonstrated that antiviral treatment administered to index patients with influenza can mitigate the transmission within households, the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in curtailing household transmission remains to be conclusively established. Methods: A retrospective study conducted from April 2021 to May 2022 across multiple centers in Thailand compared 892 individuals treated with favipiravir to 84 who received standard treatment among mild to moderate COVID-19 index patients. The study focused on the impact of favipiravir treatment in reducing household SARS-CoV-2 transmission by examining the secondary attack rate. Results: Favipiravir significantly reduced household SARS-CoV-2 transmission, comparing 1836 household contacts with favipiravir-treated index cases to 170 contacts whose index cases received standard care. Favipiravir led to a 58 % secondary attack rate, substantially lower than the 71.8 % observed with standard treatment, representing a 54 % reduction in transmission likelihood, with an odds ratio of 0.46 (95 % confidence interval [CI] [0.23–0.89]). Index cases treated with favipiravir also demonstrated a relative risk reduction of 0.19 in transmission (95 % CI [0.11–0.27]). Remarkably, favipiravir effectiveness was most notable in unvaccinated index cases, those with symptomatic infections, individuals living in shared spaces like dormitories, flats, or apartments, and those not adhering to mask-wearing within their households. Conclusions: Favipiravir has demonstrated in this study an indirect role in reducing household SARS-CoV-2 transmission, showing notable efficacy in symptomatic and unvaccinated index cases. This breakthrough highlights its potential in broader public health strategies. Exploring the roles and challenges of other anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents remains a vital goal in ongoing research.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024001912Household transmissionFavipiravirAnti-SARS-CoV-2COVID-19Secondary infection |
| spellingShingle | Taweegrit Siripongboonsitti Marisa Muadchimkaew Kriangkrai Tawinprai Ornisa Issaranon Wichuda Meepholkij Pureepat Arttawejkul Apiradee Vararungzarit Onwalee Dhissayakamol Wilaiporn Preeyachit Kamonwan Soonklang Nithi Mahanonda Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev) Journal of Virus Eradication Household transmission Favipiravir Anti-SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Secondary infection |
| title | Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev) |
| title_full | Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev) |
| title_fullStr | Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev) |
| title_short | Assessing favipiravir impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within households: Insights from a multi-center study (FaviPrev) |
| title_sort | assessing favipiravir impact on sars cov 2 transmission within households insights from a multi center study faviprev |
| topic | Household transmission Favipiravir Anti-SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Secondary infection |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024001912 |
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