Homocoupling reaction of p-tolylboronic acid with palladium-hydroxyapatite composite from chicken eggshell as the catalyst

Biaryl compounds, consist of two aromatic rings linked by a single bond, are crucial in the synthesis of antiviral drugs, antifungal agents, functional materials, and agrochemicals. Traditionally, these compounds are synthesized through cross-coupling reactions using two different types of aryl reag...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dea Putri Novianti, Muhamad Rashifari, Muhammad R. Ramadhan, Iis Intan Widiyowati, Puteri Khansa Salsabila, Ardanari Wahyu Waardhani, Muhamad Diki Permana, Atiek Rostika Noviyanti, Yudha P. Budiman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Results in Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625002802
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Biaryl compounds, consist of two aromatic rings linked by a single bond, are crucial in the synthesis of antiviral drugs, antifungal agents, functional materials, and agrochemicals. Traditionally, these compounds are synthesized through cross-coupling reactions using two different types of aryl reagents. However, homocoupling reactions have emerged as a valuable alternative, enabling the production of symmetric biaryls from a single aryl substrate. This study explores the development of a heterogeneous palladium-hydroxyapatite (Pd-HAP) catalyst for the homocoupling of arylboronic acids. Hydroxyapatite, known for its hydroxyl-rich surface, high porosity, and strong acid-base sites, was selected as a cost-effective catalyst support. The research focused on optimizing solvent and temperature to maximize biaryl yields. Under optimal conditions ethanol as the solvent at 50 °C for 24 h, an 88 % yield of biaryl products was achieved. The recycled catalyst maintained a yield of 42 % after five reuses. These findings contribute to more sustainable and cost-effective approaches for biaryl synthesis.
ISSN:2211-7156