Moldrug algorithm for an automated ligand binding site exploration by 3D aware molecular enumerations

Abstract We present Moldrug, a computational tool for accelerating the hit-to-lead phase in structure-based drug design. Moldrug explores the chemical space using structural modifications suggested by the CReM library and by optimizing an adaptable fitness function with a genetic algorithm. Moldrug...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alejandro Martínez León, Benjamin Ries, Jochen S. Hub, Aniket Magarkar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Cheminformatics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-025-01022-3
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Summary:Abstract We present Moldrug, a computational tool for accelerating the hit-to-lead phase in structure-based drug design. Moldrug explores the chemical space using structural modifications suggested by the CReM library and by optimizing an adaptable fitness function with a genetic algorithm. Moldrug is complemented by Moldrug-Dashboard, a cross-platform and user-friendly graphical interface tailored for the analysis of Moldrug simulations. To illustrate Moldrug, we designed new potential inhibitors targeting the main protease (MPro) of SARS-CoV-2 by optimizing a consensus fitness function that balances binding affinity, drug-likeness, and synthetic accessibility. The designed molecules exhibited high chemical diversity. A subset of the designed molecules were ranked using MM/GBSA and alchemical binding free energy calculations, revealing predicted affinities as low as $$-10\,~\hbox {kcal}\,\hbox {mol}^{-1}$$ - 10 kcal mol - 1 . Moldrug is distributed as a Python package under the Apache 2.0 license. It offers pre-configured multi-parameter fitness functions for molecular design, while being highly adaptable for integrating functionalities from external software. Documentation and tutorials are available at https://moldrug.rtfd.io .
ISSN:1758-2946