Potential of diterpenoid andrographolide in COVID-19 therapy: an insight on its antiviral-, immunomodulatory-, anti-inflammatory-, antioxidant- and antithrombotic- properties
Background: Highly effective clinical drugs need to be developed to treat the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pandemic. Andrographolide (Andro), a bioactive labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees, has various pharmacological activities including antiviral and anti-inflamm...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Phytomedicine Plus |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031325001216 |
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| Summary: | Background: Highly effective clinical drugs need to be developed to treat the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pandemic. Andrographolide (Andro), a bioactive labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees, has various pharmacological activities including antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Purpose: The study aimed to search extensively the efficacy of Andro against COVID-19 infection and its associated complications and any adverse events. Study design & methods: We collected the relevant information presented in this review from scientific literature databases, including Google Scholar, Science-Direct, PubMed and Scifinder using keywords, coronavirus, COVID-19, andrographolide, Andrographis paniculata, pharmacological activity, toxicity and safety. More than 400 units of literature were screened and those relevant to this review were considered. Results: The results showed that Andro effectively inhibits the replication of multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2 in different cell lines including human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells superior to remdesivir (IC50, 0.034 vs. 0.086 µM) and targets the activity of host ACE2 and viral 3CL-proteases. Moreover, Andro prevents sepsis-related complications in influenza virus-infected or LPS-treated mice, by suppression of inflammation, accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils and oxidative stress in lung tissues through deactivation of NF-κB (via covalent modification of Cys62 of p50) and JAK/STAT and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Andro also effectively inhibits PAF-induced platelet aggregation in human blood without inducing toxicity in PBMC up to 50 µM. In clinical trials in mild COVID-19 patients, Andro and its sulphonates in “Xiyanping” injection (XYP) are safe and effective in suppression of pneumonia. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that Andro/XYP could be a promising therapeutic option for COVID-19. |
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| ISSN: | 2667-0313 |