Difference in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters After SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Alpha and Delta Variant Dominance Periods
The SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests with diverse clinical manifestations, with severity potentially influenced by the viral variant. COVID-19 has also been shown to impact ocular microcirculation in some patients, but whether this effect varies by viral lineage remains unclear. This prospective study...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Magdalena Kal Michał Brzdęk Izabella Karska-Basta Piotr Rzymski Antonio Pinna Jerzy Mackiewicz Dominik Odrobina Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk Robert Flisiak |
| author_facet | Magdalena Kal Michał Brzdęk Izabella Karska-Basta Piotr Rzymski Antonio Pinna Jerzy Mackiewicz Dominik Odrobina Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk Robert Flisiak |
| author_sort | Magdalena Kal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests with diverse clinical manifestations, with severity potentially influenced by the viral variant. COVID-19 has also been shown to impact ocular microcirculation in some patients, but whether this effect varies by viral lineage remains unclear. This prospective study compared clinical features and ocular parameters assessed via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infections during the dominance of two distinctive viral lineages, Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2), and compared them to a control group. The following parameters were measured: vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CCP) using OCTA, with a manual assessment of the foveal avascular zones in the SCP (FAZs) and DCP (FAZd). A control group was also included. Among 63 patients in the Alpha group and 41 in the Delta group, no eye-related symptoms were reported during the examination. However, the Delta group showed significantly lower VD in the SCP and DCP across all quadrants (<i>p</i> < 0.001–0.039), while the Alpha group showed reduced VD in the foveal CCP (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and significantly wider FAZs and FAZd (<i>p</i> = 0.002 for both). In conclusion, ocular microcirculatory changes differed between the two variants, with Alpha associated with foveal choroidal VD reduction and larger FAZs and Delta linked to lower SCP and DCP VD across multiple regions. These findings highlight the potential for SARS-CoV-2 variants to differentially impact ocular vasculature, underscoring the need for variant-specific follow-up in COVID-19 patients. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-0f9ab3143110434ca67826cd314be5562025-01-24T13:52:23ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-12-011714710.3390/v17010047Difference in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters After SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Alpha and Delta Variant Dominance PeriodsMagdalena Kal0Michał Brzdęk1Izabella Karska-Basta2Piotr Rzymski3Antonio Pinna4Jerzy Mackiewicz5Dominik Odrobina6Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk7Robert Flisiak8Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, PolandCollegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, PolandDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Environmental Medicine, Poznan’ University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, PolandOphthalmic Clinic, The Voivodeship Hospital, 25-736 Kielce, PolandDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, PolandDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-540 Białystok, PolandThe SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests with diverse clinical manifestations, with severity potentially influenced by the viral variant. COVID-19 has also been shown to impact ocular microcirculation in some patients, but whether this effect varies by viral lineage remains unclear. This prospective study compared clinical features and ocular parameters assessed via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infections during the dominance of two distinctive viral lineages, Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2), and compared them to a control group. The following parameters were measured: vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CCP) using OCTA, with a manual assessment of the foveal avascular zones in the SCP (FAZs) and DCP (FAZd). A control group was also included. Among 63 patients in the Alpha group and 41 in the Delta group, no eye-related symptoms were reported during the examination. However, the Delta group showed significantly lower VD in the SCP and DCP across all quadrants (<i>p</i> < 0.001–0.039), while the Alpha group showed reduced VD in the foveal CCP (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and significantly wider FAZs and FAZd (<i>p</i> = 0.002 for both). In conclusion, ocular microcirculatory changes differed between the two variants, with Alpha associated with foveal choroidal VD reduction and larger FAZs and Delta linked to lower SCP and DCP VD across multiple regions. These findings highlight the potential for SARS-CoV-2 variants to differentially impact ocular vasculature, underscoring the need for variant-specific follow-up in COVID-19 patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/47COVID-19Alpha variantDelta variantvessel densityoptical coherence tomography angiographyfoveal avascular zone |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Kal Michał Brzdęk Izabella Karska-Basta Piotr Rzymski Antonio Pinna Jerzy Mackiewicz Dominik Odrobina Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk Robert Flisiak Difference in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters After SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Alpha and Delta Variant Dominance Periods Viruses COVID-19 Alpha variant Delta variant vessel density optical coherence tomography angiography foveal avascular zone |
| title | Difference in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters After SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Alpha and Delta Variant Dominance Periods |
| title_full | Difference in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters After SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Alpha and Delta Variant Dominance Periods |
| title_fullStr | Difference in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters After SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Alpha and Delta Variant Dominance Periods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Difference in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters After SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Alpha and Delta Variant Dominance Periods |
| title_short | Difference in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters After SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Alpha and Delta Variant Dominance Periods |
| title_sort | difference in optical coherence tomography angiography parameters after sars cov 2 infection during the alpha and delta variant dominance periods |
| topic | COVID-19 Alpha variant Delta variant vessel density optical coherence tomography angiography foveal avascular zone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/47 |
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