Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Abstract Background Flowering is a complex, finely regulated process involving multiple phytohormones and transcription factors. However, flowering regulation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) remains largely unexamined. This study addresses this gap by investigating gibberellin-3 (GA3) effects on f...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05880-1 |
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| author | Kamran Shah Xiaoyue Zhu Tiantian Zhang Jiayi Chen Jiaxuan Chen Yonghua Qin |
| author_facet | Kamran Shah Xiaoyue Zhu Tiantian Zhang Jiayi Chen Jiaxuan Chen Yonghua Qin |
| author_sort | Kamran Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Flowering is a complex, finely regulated process involving multiple phytohormones and transcription factors. However, flowering regulation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) remains largely unexamined. This study addresses this gap by investigating gibberellin-3 (GA3) effects on flower bud (FB) development in pitaya. Our findings reveal that GA3 application induces significant bud dormancy and suppresses FB formation, highlighting GA3’s role in modulating flowering in this species. Results GA3 application during peak flowering period significantly altered hormone levels, reducing auxin (AUX), cytokinin (CTK) active forms dihydrozeatin riboside (dhZR), zeatin riboside (ZR), N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), and brassinosteroid (BR), while increasing jasmonic acid (JA), GA3, and gibberellin-4 (GA4) levels, with abscisic acid (ABA) levels remaining unchanged compared to control. Conversely, FB formation was associated with increased levels of AUX, dhZR, ZR, iPA, ABA, and JA, and decreased GA3 and GA4 levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed batches of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with phytohormone signal transduction, aligning with observed hormone changes. Notably, except four CONSTANS-like (CO) (HU06G02633, HU10G00019, HU04G00234, and HU02G01458), all other CO genes were preferentially active in GA3-treated buds. GA3 treatment inhibited genes linked to the ABC model (AP1, AP2, MADS-box, AGL, SPL) and floral identity genes (LFY, FT), favoring dormancy and clean sweep of FB formation. Conclusion These findings underscore the potential of GA3 as a powerful modulator of flowering and bud dormancy in pitaya. By elucidating the hormonal and genetic responses to GA3 treatment, this study contributes to our understanding of flowering regulation in pitaya and highlights the significant impact of GA3 on bud developmental pathways. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0f43725a867d4d3f95c62e74e3c88a56 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-0f43725a867d4d3f95c62e74e3c88a562025-01-19T12:16:56ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-01-0125111510.1186/s12870-024-05880-1Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)Kamran Shah0Xiaoyue Zhu1Tiantian Zhang2Jiayi Chen3Jiaxuan Chen4Yonghua Qin5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Flowering is a complex, finely regulated process involving multiple phytohormones and transcription factors. However, flowering regulation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) remains largely unexamined. This study addresses this gap by investigating gibberellin-3 (GA3) effects on flower bud (FB) development in pitaya. Our findings reveal that GA3 application induces significant bud dormancy and suppresses FB formation, highlighting GA3’s role in modulating flowering in this species. Results GA3 application during peak flowering period significantly altered hormone levels, reducing auxin (AUX), cytokinin (CTK) active forms dihydrozeatin riboside (dhZR), zeatin riboside (ZR), N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), and brassinosteroid (BR), while increasing jasmonic acid (JA), GA3, and gibberellin-4 (GA4) levels, with abscisic acid (ABA) levels remaining unchanged compared to control. Conversely, FB formation was associated with increased levels of AUX, dhZR, ZR, iPA, ABA, and JA, and decreased GA3 and GA4 levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed batches of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with phytohormone signal transduction, aligning with observed hormone changes. Notably, except four CONSTANS-like (CO) (HU06G02633, HU10G00019, HU04G00234, and HU02G01458), all other CO genes were preferentially active in GA3-treated buds. GA3 treatment inhibited genes linked to the ABC model (AP1, AP2, MADS-box, AGL, SPL) and floral identity genes (LFY, FT), favoring dormancy and clean sweep of FB formation. Conclusion These findings underscore the potential of GA3 as a powerful modulator of flowering and bud dormancy in pitaya. By elucidating the hormonal and genetic responses to GA3 treatment, this study contributes to our understanding of flowering regulation in pitaya and highlights the significant impact of GA3 on bud developmental pathways.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05880-1DormancyFloweringGibberellinPhytohormonePitaya |
| spellingShingle | Kamran Shah Xiaoyue Zhu Tiantian Zhang Jiayi Chen Jiaxuan Chen Yonghua Qin Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) BMC Plant Biology Dormancy Flowering Gibberellin Phytohormone Pitaya |
| title | Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) |
| title_full | Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) |
| title_fullStr | Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) |
| title_short | Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) |
| title_sort | gibberellin 3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya hylocereus polyrhizus |
| topic | Dormancy Flowering Gibberellin Phytohormone Pitaya |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05880-1 |
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