The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract Background Destruction of alveoli structure and lung function are interrelated, however, their correlation and clinical significance have been not well defined in patients with lung cancer. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association among radiographic, pathological emphysema and spir...

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Main Authors: Yixiao Zhang, Lu Lang, Xiaojuan Guo, Kewu Huang, Jiawen Yi, Yuan Yuan, Min Zhu, Shu Zhang, Bin Hu, Xue Li, Yuhui Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Respiratory Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-025-03225-6
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author Yixiao Zhang
Lu Lang
Xiaojuan Guo
Kewu Huang
Jiawen Yi
Yuan Yuan
Min Zhu
Shu Zhang
Bin Hu
Xue Li
Yuhui Zhang
author_facet Yixiao Zhang
Lu Lang
Xiaojuan Guo
Kewu Huang
Jiawen Yi
Yuan Yuan
Min Zhu
Shu Zhang
Bin Hu
Xue Li
Yuhui Zhang
author_sort Yixiao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Destruction of alveoli structure and lung function are interrelated, however, their correlation and clinical significance have been not well defined in patients with lung cancer. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association among radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction in patients with resectable lung cancer as well as explore their impact on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and long-term prognosis. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients who performed chest CT, spirometry, and curative resection were included from a prospective three-institution database. CT-defined emphysema at baseline was assessed visually and quantitatively, pathological emphysema was reviewed on postoperative specimen. Multivariable regression models, propensity score matching, stratified analysis, and subgroup analysis were adopted to reduce selection bias. Results Our cohort included 902 patients, with a median follow-up of 5.6 years. CT-defined emphysema was present in 163 patients (18.1%) and most of them (86.5%) were validated with pathological evidence. 169 had spirometric airway obstruction, while only 29.6% patients overlapped with CT-defined emphysema. Multivariable logistic regression models showed CT-defined emphysema, not airway obstruction, was associated with an increased risk of PPCs (adjusted odds ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.40–3.93; P = 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, tumour stage, vascular invasion, pleural invasion, multivariate cox analysis identified CT-defined emphysema, not airway obstruction, as an independent prognostic factor for OS (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.05–1.97; P = 0.022). Patients with both radiographic and pathological emphysema experienced worse OS (log-rank P < 0.001). In the propensity score-matched cohort, stratified analysis, and never-smokers subgroup analysis, CT-defined emphysema remained a strong and statistically significant factor related to poor survival. Conclusions The presence of radiological and pathological emphysema in resectable LUAD was associated with frequent PPCs and decreased survival. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-0f39e8c957e54a9ba2ced0da8bea4e2f2025-08-20T02:17:58ZengBMCRespiratory Research1465-993X2025-04-0126111510.1186/s12931-025-03225-6The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinomaYixiao Zhang0Lu Lang1Xiaojuan Guo2Kewu Huang3Jiawen Yi4Yuan Yuan5Min Zhu6Shu Zhang7Bin Hu8Xue Li9Yuhui Zhang10Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Background Destruction of alveoli structure and lung function are interrelated, however, their correlation and clinical significance have been not well defined in patients with lung cancer. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association among radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction in patients with resectable lung cancer as well as explore their impact on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and long-term prognosis. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients who performed chest CT, spirometry, and curative resection were included from a prospective three-institution database. CT-defined emphysema at baseline was assessed visually and quantitatively, pathological emphysema was reviewed on postoperative specimen. Multivariable regression models, propensity score matching, stratified analysis, and subgroup analysis were adopted to reduce selection bias. Results Our cohort included 902 patients, with a median follow-up of 5.6 years. CT-defined emphysema was present in 163 patients (18.1%) and most of them (86.5%) were validated with pathological evidence. 169 had spirometric airway obstruction, while only 29.6% patients overlapped with CT-defined emphysema. Multivariable logistic regression models showed CT-defined emphysema, not airway obstruction, was associated with an increased risk of PPCs (adjusted odds ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.40–3.93; P = 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, tumour stage, vascular invasion, pleural invasion, multivariate cox analysis identified CT-defined emphysema, not airway obstruction, as an independent prognostic factor for OS (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.05–1.97; P = 0.022). Patients with both radiographic and pathological emphysema experienced worse OS (log-rank P < 0.001). In the propensity score-matched cohort, stratified analysis, and never-smokers subgroup analysis, CT-defined emphysema remained a strong and statistically significant factor related to poor survival. Conclusions The presence of radiological and pathological emphysema in resectable LUAD was associated with frequent PPCs and decreased survival. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-025-03225-6EmphysemaCTLung adenocarcinomasComplicationsPrognosis
spellingShingle Yixiao Zhang
Lu Lang
Xiaojuan Guo
Kewu Huang
Jiawen Yi
Yuan Yuan
Min Zhu
Shu Zhang
Bin Hu
Xue Li
Yuhui Zhang
The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma
Respiratory Research
Emphysema
CT
Lung adenocarcinomas
Complications
Prognosis
title The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma
title_full The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma
title_fullStr The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma
title_full_unstemmed The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma
title_short The association and impact of radiographic, pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma
title_sort association and impact of radiographic pathological emphysema and spirometric airway obstruction on patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma
topic Emphysema
CT
Lung adenocarcinomas
Complications
Prognosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-025-03225-6
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