RSM approach-based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with Washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner production
In today's construction projects, considering the environment and economy is essential. Alternatives to cement or natural aggregates lead to natural resource conservation and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. In this context, dune sand (DS) and Washingtonia waste (WW), which are abundant in the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001330 |
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| author | Abdelhamid Khelifi Messaouda Boumaaza Ahmed Belaadi Mostefa Bourchak Tarek Djedid Ibrahim M.H. Alshaikh Djamel Ghernaout |
| author_facet | Abdelhamid Khelifi Messaouda Boumaaza Ahmed Belaadi Mostefa Bourchak Tarek Djedid Ibrahim M.H. Alshaikh Djamel Ghernaout |
| author_sort | Abdelhamid Khelifi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In today's construction projects, considering the environment and economy is essential. Alternatives to cement or natural aggregates lead to natural resource conservation and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. In this context, dune sand (DS) and Washingtonia waste (WW), which are abundant in the Algerian desert, were investigated as potential eco-friendly substitutes for cement in mortar manufacture. The initiative aims to create innovative, ecological, and cleaner building materials and lightweight, eco-friendly cement mortars. To this end, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for predicting and optimizing the physical characteristics of mortars composed of DS and WW, varying from 1 % to 3 % and treated for 4–24 h with sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) at a 1–5 % concentration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the material for civil engineering, focusing on properties such as slump (S), specific gravity (ρ), water absorption (WA), bending displacement (Yb), dynamic elastic modulus (Edyn), and other properties. Furthermore, the mortar's chemical composition and high-temperature behavior were investigated. To maximize mechanical qualities and minimize physical properties, an analysis of variance using the Box-Behnken Design was performed to optimize and forecast the factors and outcomes. The results revealed that WW content, NaOH concentration, and immersion time significantly influenced the physico-mechanical properties of the mortar. The optimal formulation obtained was 1.3 % WW, 5 % NaOH concentration, and 14.8 h of immersion time, leading to values of 1972.77 kg/m³ for ρ, 16.62 cm for S, 2.63 % for WA, 0.26 mm for Yb, and 20.46 GPa for Edyn. The strong correlation between the RSM model and experimental data confirms the model's reliability. These findings demonstrate the potential of this sustainable mortar for eco-construction applications, such as bending elements and repairing damaged structures in buildings, highways, and bridges. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0f0406e6f85f440f899216a65b3a9258 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-5095 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-0f0406e6f85f440f899216a65b3a92582025-02-05T04:32:05ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952025-07-0122e04335RSM approach-based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with Washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner productionAbdelhamid Khelifi0Messaouda Boumaaza1Ahmed Belaadi2Mostefa Bourchak3Tarek Djedid4Ibrahim M.H. Alshaikh5Djamel Ghernaout6Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Hydraulics (LGCH), University 8 May 1945 Guelma, PO Box401, Guelma 24000, AlgeriaLaboratory of Civil Engineering and Hydraulics (LGCH), University 8 May 1945 Guelma, PO Box401, Guelma 24000, AlgeriaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 Août 1955-Skikda, El-Hadaiek, Skikda, Algeria; Corresponding authors.Aerospace Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaLaboratory of Exploitation and Valorization of Saharan Energy Resources (LEVRES), University of El-Oued, 39000, AlgeriaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Sana'a, Yemen; Corresponding authors.Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, AlgeriaIn today's construction projects, considering the environment and economy is essential. Alternatives to cement or natural aggregates lead to natural resource conservation and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. In this context, dune sand (DS) and Washingtonia waste (WW), which are abundant in the Algerian desert, were investigated as potential eco-friendly substitutes for cement in mortar manufacture. The initiative aims to create innovative, ecological, and cleaner building materials and lightweight, eco-friendly cement mortars. To this end, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for predicting and optimizing the physical characteristics of mortars composed of DS and WW, varying from 1 % to 3 % and treated for 4–24 h with sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) at a 1–5 % concentration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the material for civil engineering, focusing on properties such as slump (S), specific gravity (ρ), water absorption (WA), bending displacement (Yb), dynamic elastic modulus (Edyn), and other properties. Furthermore, the mortar's chemical composition and high-temperature behavior were investigated. To maximize mechanical qualities and minimize physical properties, an analysis of variance using the Box-Behnken Design was performed to optimize and forecast the factors and outcomes. The results revealed that WW content, NaOH concentration, and immersion time significantly influenced the physico-mechanical properties of the mortar. The optimal formulation obtained was 1.3 % WW, 5 % NaOH concentration, and 14.8 h of immersion time, leading to values of 1972.77 kg/m³ for ρ, 16.62 cm for S, 2.63 % for WA, 0.26 mm for Yb, and 20.46 GPa for Edyn. The strong correlation between the RSM model and experimental data confirms the model's reliability. These findings demonstrate the potential of this sustainable mortar for eco-construction applications, such as bending elements and repairing damaged structures in buildings, highways, and bridges.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001330Washingtonia wasteDune sandPhysical propertiesGreen mortarResponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Abdelhamid Khelifi Messaouda Boumaaza Ahmed Belaadi Mostefa Bourchak Tarek Djedid Ibrahim M.H. Alshaikh Djamel Ghernaout RSM approach-based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with Washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner production Case Studies in Construction Materials Washingtonia waste Dune sand Physical properties Green mortar Response surface methodology |
| title | RSM approach-based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with Washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner production |
| title_full | RSM approach-based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with Washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner production |
| title_fullStr | RSM approach-based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with Washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner production |
| title_full_unstemmed | RSM approach-based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with Washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner production |
| title_short | RSM approach-based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with Washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner production |
| title_sort | rsm approach based analysis of the physical behavior of dune sand reinforced with washingtonia waste contributing to mortar cleaner production |
| topic | Washingtonia waste Dune sand Physical properties Green mortar Response surface methodology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001330 |
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