Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide Administration
Topical microbicides are intended for frequent use by women in reproductive age. Hence, it is essential to evaluate their impact on mucosal immune function in the vagina. In the present study, we evaluated nisin, a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP), for its efficacy as an intravaginal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2008-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/534532 |
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| author | Sadhana M. Gupta Clara C. Aranha Madhu C. Mohanty K. V. R. Reddy |
| author_facet | Sadhana M. Gupta Clara C. Aranha Madhu C. Mohanty K. V. R. Reddy |
| author_sort | Sadhana M. Gupta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Topical microbicides are intended for frequent use by women in reproductive age. Hence, it is essential to evaluate their impact on mucosal immune function in the vagina. In the present study, we evaluated nisin, a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP), for its efficacy as an intravaginal microbicide. Its effect on the vaginal immune function was determined by localizing Toll-like receptors (TLRs-3, 9) and cytokines (IL-4, 6 , 10 and TNF-α) in the rabbit cervicovaginal epithelium following intravaginal administration of high dose of nisin gel for 14 consecutive days. The results revealed no alteration in the expression of TLRs and cytokines at both protein and mRNA levels. However, in SDS gel-treated group, the levels were significantly upregulated with the induction of NF-κB signalling cascade. Thus, TLRs and cytokines appear as sensitive indicators for screening immunotoxic potential of candidate microbicides. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0ef83892fee94af89386f1863c832a72 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2008-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-0ef83892fee94af89386f1863c832a722025-02-03T01:21:12ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612008-01-01200810.1155/2008/534532534532Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide AdministrationSadhana M. Gupta0Clara C. Aranha1Madhu C. Mohanty2K. V. R. Reddy3Immunology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, IndiaImmunology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, IndiaImmunology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, IndiaImmunology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, IndiaTopical microbicides are intended for frequent use by women in reproductive age. Hence, it is essential to evaluate their impact on mucosal immune function in the vagina. In the present study, we evaluated nisin, a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP), for its efficacy as an intravaginal microbicide. Its effect on the vaginal immune function was determined by localizing Toll-like receptors (TLRs-3, 9) and cytokines (IL-4, 6 , 10 and TNF-α) in the rabbit cervicovaginal epithelium following intravaginal administration of high dose of nisin gel for 14 consecutive days. The results revealed no alteration in the expression of TLRs and cytokines at both protein and mRNA levels. However, in SDS gel-treated group, the levels were significantly upregulated with the induction of NF-κB signalling cascade. Thus, TLRs and cytokines appear as sensitive indicators for screening immunotoxic potential of candidate microbicides.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/534532 |
| spellingShingle | Sadhana M. Gupta Clara C. Aranha Madhu C. Mohanty K. V. R. Reddy Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide Administration Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide Administration |
| title_full | Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide Administration |
| title_fullStr | Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide Administration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide Administration |
| title_short | Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines as Surrogate Biomarkers for Evaluating Vaginal Immune Response following Microbicide Administration |
| title_sort | toll like receptors and cytokines as surrogate biomarkers for evaluating vaginal immune response following microbicide administration |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/534532 |
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