Comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR)

This study aimed to contrast the effectiveness of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in decolorizing Maxilon Red, an azo-red dye typically found in textile wastewater. It contrasted the dye removal efficiency of two photobioreactor models, a conventional photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photo...

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Main Authors: Shaghayegh Sadat Farastoon Dashti, Iman Ansari, Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari, Salar Helchi, Geoffroy Lessage, Marc Heran, Farshid Pajoum Shariati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Membrane Science and Technology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmst.2025.1653159/full
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author Shaghayegh Sadat Farastoon Dashti
Iman Ansari
Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari
Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari
Salar Helchi
Geoffroy Lessage
Marc Heran
Farshid Pajoum Shariati
Farshid Pajoum Shariati
author_facet Shaghayegh Sadat Farastoon Dashti
Iman Ansari
Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari
Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari
Salar Helchi
Geoffroy Lessage
Marc Heran
Farshid Pajoum Shariati
Farshid Pajoum Shariati
author_sort Shaghayegh Sadat Farastoon Dashti
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to contrast the effectiveness of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in decolorizing Maxilon Red, an azo-red dye typically found in textile wastewater. It contrasted the dye removal efficiency of two photobioreactor models, a conventional photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR). Batch mode operation was used for the PBR, while the DMPBR was carried out continuously. The initial concentration of dye ranged from 5 to 30 mg L−1. Kinetic analysis was used to check the model that gave the best correlation, and isotherm studies were carried out to explain the adsorption mechanism. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify functional groups involved in binding with the dye. In the PBR, dye removal efficiency increased from 73% to 86% with a rise in initial dye concentration from 5 to 15 mg L−1, but decreased to 53% at 30 mg L−1 due to saturation phenomena. The Elovich model best represented the adsorption kinetics, indicating a heterogeneous surface and decreasing adsorption rate with time. Isotherm data also conformed to the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption with a maximum of 8.16 mg g−1 capacity. FTIR confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and polysaccharide groups in dye binding. DMPBR, operated in continuous mode, achieved greater and constant removal efficiency of approximately 98% at 15 mg L−1 due to prolonged and uninterrupted contact between dye and biomass. The continuous DMPBR configuration overcame batch PBR saturation limitations, with enhanced biosorption activity, process stability, and improved effluent quality. Overall, the DMPBR was more efficient and sustainable in azo dye removal from wastewater than the traditional PBR.
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spelling doaj-art-0edc983d8da54c4a804e3db76d83c6b72025-08-21T05:27:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Membrane Science and Technology2813-10102025-08-01410.3389/frmst.2025.16531591653159Comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR)Shaghayegh Sadat Farastoon Dashti0Iman Ansari1Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari2Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari3Salar Helchi4Geoffroy Lessage5Marc Heran6Farshid Pajoum Shariati7Farshid Pajoum Shariati8Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IranDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IranDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IranInstitute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IranUniversité de Montpellier - Institut Européen des Membranes, Montpellier, FranceUniversité de Montpellier - Institut Européen des Membranes, Montpellier, FranceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IranUniversité de Montpellier - Institut Européen des Membranes, Montpellier, FranceThis study aimed to contrast the effectiveness of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in decolorizing Maxilon Red, an azo-red dye typically found in textile wastewater. It contrasted the dye removal efficiency of two photobioreactor models, a conventional photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR). Batch mode operation was used for the PBR, while the DMPBR was carried out continuously. The initial concentration of dye ranged from 5 to 30 mg L−1. Kinetic analysis was used to check the model that gave the best correlation, and isotherm studies were carried out to explain the adsorption mechanism. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify functional groups involved in binding with the dye. In the PBR, dye removal efficiency increased from 73% to 86% with a rise in initial dye concentration from 5 to 15 mg L−1, but decreased to 53% at 30 mg L−1 due to saturation phenomena. The Elovich model best represented the adsorption kinetics, indicating a heterogeneous surface and decreasing adsorption rate with time. Isotherm data also conformed to the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption with a maximum of 8.16 mg g−1 capacity. FTIR confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and polysaccharide groups in dye binding. DMPBR, operated in continuous mode, achieved greater and constant removal efficiency of approximately 98% at 15 mg L−1 due to prolonged and uninterrupted contact between dye and biomass. The continuous DMPBR configuration overcame batch PBR saturation limitations, with enhanced biosorption activity, process stability, and improved effluent quality. Overall, the DMPBR was more efficient and sustainable in azo dye removal from wastewater than the traditional PBR.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmst.2025.1653159/fulldynamic membrane photobioreactorChlorella vulgarismaxilon redazo dyewastewater treatment
spellingShingle Shaghayegh Sadat Farastoon Dashti
Iman Ansari
Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari
Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari
Salar Helchi
Geoffroy Lessage
Marc Heran
Farshid Pajoum Shariati
Farshid Pajoum Shariati
Comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR)
Frontiers in Membrane Science and Technology
dynamic membrane photobioreactor
Chlorella vulgaris
maxilon red
azo dye
wastewater treatment
title Comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR)
title_full Comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR)
title_fullStr Comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR)
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR)
title_short Comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR)
title_sort comparison of batch and continuous operation modes for maxilon red azo dye removal using chlorella vulgaris microalgae within photobioreactor pbr and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor dmpbr
topic dynamic membrane photobioreactor
Chlorella vulgaris
maxilon red
azo dye
wastewater treatment
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frmst.2025.1653159/full
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