Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan
Cocoa pod husk (CPH), typically considered agricultural waste, contains cellulose suitable for bioplastic production, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics. Its reinforcement with kappa-carrageenan is designed to improve the properties of cellulose-based bioplastics while reducing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universitas Sebelas Maret, Faculty of Agriculture
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/92035 |
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| author | Esa Ghanim Fadhallah Ahmad Sapta Zuidar Sri Hidayati Haidawati Haidawati Amarilia Harsanti Dameswary Aisyah Tri Ramadhani |
| author_facet | Esa Ghanim Fadhallah Ahmad Sapta Zuidar Sri Hidayati Haidawati Haidawati Amarilia Harsanti Dameswary Aisyah Tri Ramadhani |
| author_sort | Esa Ghanim Fadhallah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cocoa pod husk (CPH), typically considered agricultural waste, contains cellulose suitable for bioplastic production, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics. Its reinforcement with kappa-carrageenan is designed to improve the properties of cellulose-based bioplastics while reducing agricultural waste. This study evaluates the effects of cellulose from CPH waste and kappa-carrageenan formulations on bioplastic properties. The cellulose was isolated through a delignification and bleaching process, while the bioplastics were prepared by varying the ratios of cellulose and kappa-carrageenan in six different formulations. The resulting films were evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and barrier properties, as well as their stability and biodegradability. The ratio of cellulose to kappa-carrageenan significantly impacts the films’ properties. Significant improvements in tensile strength were observed in P5 (2 g cellulose, 8 g kappa-carrageenan) and P6 (10 g kappa-carrageenan), increasing by 79% and 240%, respectively, as the cellulose concentration decreased and kappa-carrageenan increased. However, the significant drawback in barrier properties was found in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), with the higher kappa-carrageenan and lower cellulose concentrations films resulting in increased WVTR values by 13% (P5) and 17% (P6). The bioplastic with P1 (8 g cellulose, 2 g carrageenan), P2 (6 g cellulose, 4 g carrageenan), P3 (5 g cellulose, 5 g carrageenan), and P4 (4 g cellulose, 6 g carrageenan) formulations completely degraded in 3 weeks, while those with higher kappa-carrageenan content degraded faster, with P5 completely degrading in 2 weeks and P6 in 1 week. This study implies a potential reduction in environmental impact by replacing conventional plastics with the development of biodegradable materials derived from agricultural waste and promoting sustainable agricultural practices by utilizing CPH. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0ea74fe6ed5343b68d769b8ded4a8756 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2613-9456 2599-2570 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Sebelas Maret, Faculty of Agriculture |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-0ea74fe6ed5343b68d769b8ded4a87562025-01-30T09:17:14ZengUniversitas Sebelas Maret, Faculty of AgricultureCaraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture2613-94562599-25702024-12-01401345110.20961/carakatani.v40i1.9203544070Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-CarrageenanEsa Ghanim Fadhallah0Ahmad Sapta Zuidar1Sri Hidayati2Haidawati Haidawati3Amarilia Harsanti Dameswary4Aisyah Tri Ramadhani5Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar LampungDepartment of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar LampungDepartment of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar LampungDepartment of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar LampungCenter for Food Technology and Processing Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), YogyakartaDepartment of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar LampungCocoa pod husk (CPH), typically considered agricultural waste, contains cellulose suitable for bioplastic production, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics. Its reinforcement with kappa-carrageenan is designed to improve the properties of cellulose-based bioplastics while reducing agricultural waste. This study evaluates the effects of cellulose from CPH waste and kappa-carrageenan formulations on bioplastic properties. The cellulose was isolated through a delignification and bleaching process, while the bioplastics were prepared by varying the ratios of cellulose and kappa-carrageenan in six different formulations. The resulting films were evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and barrier properties, as well as their stability and biodegradability. The ratio of cellulose to kappa-carrageenan significantly impacts the films’ properties. Significant improvements in tensile strength were observed in P5 (2 g cellulose, 8 g kappa-carrageenan) and P6 (10 g kappa-carrageenan), increasing by 79% and 240%, respectively, as the cellulose concentration decreased and kappa-carrageenan increased. However, the significant drawback in barrier properties was found in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), with the higher kappa-carrageenan and lower cellulose concentrations films resulting in increased WVTR values by 13% (P5) and 17% (P6). The bioplastic with P1 (8 g cellulose, 2 g carrageenan), P2 (6 g cellulose, 4 g carrageenan), P3 (5 g cellulose, 5 g carrageenan), and P4 (4 g cellulose, 6 g carrageenan) formulations completely degraded in 3 weeks, while those with higher kappa-carrageenan content degraded faster, with P5 completely degrading in 2 weeks and P6 in 1 week. This study implies a potential reduction in environmental impact by replacing conventional plastics with the development of biodegradable materials derived from agricultural waste and promoting sustainable agricultural practices by utilizing CPH.https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/92035biodegradabilityfood packagingmechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Esa Ghanim Fadhallah Ahmad Sapta Zuidar Sri Hidayati Haidawati Haidawati Amarilia Harsanti Dameswary Aisyah Tri Ramadhani Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture biodegradability food packaging mechanical properties |
| title | Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan |
| title_full | Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan |
| title_fullStr | Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan |
| title_short | Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan |
| title_sort | development of sustainable bioplastic composite films from cocoa pod husk waste cellulose and kappa carrageenan |
| topic | biodegradability food packaging mechanical properties |
| url | https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/92035 |
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