Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most important causes of herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease. It can also cause severe complications of the central nervous system (CNS). Brain stem encephalitis with pulmonary edema is the severe complication that can lead to death. EV71 replicates in le...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/876241 |
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| author | Shih-Min Wang Huan-Yao Lei Ching-Chuan Liu |
| author_facet | Shih-Min Wang Huan-Yao Lei Ching-Chuan Liu |
| author_sort | Shih-Min Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most important causes of herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease. It can also cause severe complications of the central nervous system (CNS). Brain stem encephalitis with pulmonary edema is the severe complication that can lead to death. EV71 replicates in leukocytes, endothelial cells, and dendritic cells resulting in the production of immune and inflammatory mediators that shape innate and acquired immune responses and the complications of disease. Cytokines, as a part of innate immunity, favor the development of antiviral and Th1 immune responses. Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis EV71 brain stem encephalitis. Both the CNS and the systemic inflammatory responses to infection play important, but distinctly different, roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 pulmonary edema. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to modulate inflammation, to reduce sympathetic overactivity, and to improve survival in patients with EV71 autonomic nervous system dysregulation and pulmonary edema. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0e93d585acf04883a09d050a271e7916 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1740-2522 1740-2530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-0e93d585acf04883a09d050a271e79162025-02-03T07:23:49ZengWileyClinical and Developmental Immunology1740-25221740-25302012-01-01201210.1155/2012/876241876241Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem EncephalitisShih-Min Wang0Huan-Yao Lei1Ching-Chuan Liu2Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, TaiwanCenter of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, TaiwanCenter of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, TaiwanEnterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most important causes of herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease. It can also cause severe complications of the central nervous system (CNS). Brain stem encephalitis with pulmonary edema is the severe complication that can lead to death. EV71 replicates in leukocytes, endothelial cells, and dendritic cells resulting in the production of immune and inflammatory mediators that shape innate and acquired immune responses and the complications of disease. Cytokines, as a part of innate immunity, favor the development of antiviral and Th1 immune responses. Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis EV71 brain stem encephalitis. Both the CNS and the systemic inflammatory responses to infection play important, but distinctly different, roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 pulmonary edema. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to modulate inflammation, to reduce sympathetic overactivity, and to improve survival in patients with EV71 autonomic nervous system dysregulation and pulmonary edema.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/876241 |
| spellingShingle | Shih-Min Wang Huan-Yao Lei Ching-Chuan Liu Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| title | Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis |
| title_full | Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis |
| title_fullStr | Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis |
| title_short | Cytokine Immunopathogenesis of Enterovirus 71 Brain Stem Encephalitis |
| title_sort | cytokine immunopathogenesis of enterovirus 71 brain stem encephalitis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/876241 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shihminwang cytokineimmunopathogenesisofenterovirus71brainstemencephalitis AT huanyaolei cytokineimmunopathogenesisofenterovirus71brainstemencephalitis AT chingchuanliu cytokineimmunopathogenesisofenterovirus71brainstemencephalitis |