Probiotic–Vaccine Synergy in Fish Aquaculture: Exploring Microbiome-Immune Interactions for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy
The rapid expansion of aquaculture is vital for global food security, yet it faces persistent threats from disease outbreaks, vaccine inefficacy, and antibiotic overuse, all of which undermine sustainability. Conventional vaccines often fail to induce robust mucosal immunity, spurring interest in pr...
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| Main Authors: | Muhammad Tayyab, Waqar Islam, Waqas Waqas, Yueling Zhang |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/6/629 |
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