Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model
The escalating demand for efficient thermal management in lithium-ion batteries necessitates precise characterization of their thermal behavior under diverse operating conditions. This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical–thermal coupling model grounded in porous electrode theory...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/7/280 |
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| author | Xing Hu Hu Xu Chenglin Ding Yupeng Tian Kuo Yang |
| author_facet | Xing Hu Hu Xu Chenglin Ding Yupeng Tian Kuo Yang |
| author_sort | Xing Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The escalating demand for efficient thermal management in lithium-ion batteries necessitates precise characterization of their thermal behavior under diverse operating conditions. This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical–thermal coupling model grounded in porous electrode theory and energy conservation principles. The model solves multi-physics equations such as Fick’s law, Ohm’s law, and the Butler–Volmer equation, to resolve coupled electrochemical and thermal dynamics, with temperature-dependent parameters calibrated via the Arrhenius equation. Simulations under varying discharge rates reveal that high-rate discharges exacerbate internal heat accumulation. Low ambient temperatures amplify polarization effects. Forced convection cooling reduces surface temperatures but exacerbates core-to-surface thermal gradients. Structural optimization strategies demonstrate that enhancing through-thickness thermal conductivity reduces temperature differences. These findings underscore the necessity of balancing energy density and thermal management in lithium-ion battery design, proposing actionable insights such as preheating protocols for low-temperature operation, optimized cooling systems for high-rate scenarios, and material-level enhancements for improved thermal uniformity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0df435d45e6e4ed0a7e22b97733d2c9c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj-art-0df435d45e6e4ed0a7e22b97733d2c9c2025-08-20T03:58:25ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-07-0111728010.3390/batteries11070280Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling ModelXing Hu0Hu Xu1Chenglin Ding2Yupeng Tian3Kuo Yang4School of Aeronautics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaMechanical College, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Normal University Tianhua College, Shanghai 201815, ChinaMechanical College, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaMechanical College, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaThe escalating demand for efficient thermal management in lithium-ion batteries necessitates precise characterization of their thermal behavior under diverse operating conditions. This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical–thermal coupling model grounded in porous electrode theory and energy conservation principles. The model solves multi-physics equations such as Fick’s law, Ohm’s law, and the Butler–Volmer equation, to resolve coupled electrochemical and thermal dynamics, with temperature-dependent parameters calibrated via the Arrhenius equation. Simulations under varying discharge rates reveal that high-rate discharges exacerbate internal heat accumulation. Low ambient temperatures amplify polarization effects. Forced convection cooling reduces surface temperatures but exacerbates core-to-surface thermal gradients. Structural optimization strategies demonstrate that enhancing through-thickness thermal conductivity reduces temperature differences. These findings underscore the necessity of balancing energy density and thermal management in lithium-ion battery design, proposing actionable insights such as preheating protocols for low-temperature operation, optimized cooling systems for high-rate scenarios, and material-level enhancements for improved thermal uniformity.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/7/280lithium-ion batterieselectrochemical–thermal coupled modelhigh-rate dischargethermal safety |
| spellingShingle | Xing Hu Hu Xu Chenglin Ding Yupeng Tian Kuo Yang Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model Batteries lithium-ion batteries electrochemical–thermal coupled model high-rate discharge thermal safety |
| title | Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model |
| title_full | Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model |
| title_short | Numerical Study on the Thermal Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling Model |
| title_sort | numerical study on the thermal behavior of lithium ion batteries based on an electrochemical thermal coupling model |
| topic | lithium-ion batteries electrochemical–thermal coupled model high-rate discharge thermal safety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/7/280 |
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